Deepening the "separation of certificates and licenses" reform in various regions for nearly five months - streamlining administration without reducing responsibilities, delegating power without allowing laissez faire
According to the Notice on Deepening the Reform of "Separation of Certificates and Licenses" and Further Stimulating the Development Vitality of Market Entities issued by the State Council, starting from July 1st, the full coverage list management of enterprise business license matters will be implemented nationwide, and the reform pilot efforts will be further increased in the pilot free trade zones. The deepening of the 'separation of certificates and licenses' this time is of great significance for clarifying the rights and responsibilities between the government and enterprises, implementing the autonomy of enterprise operation, stimulating the vitality of market entities, and optimizing the business environment, "said the relevant person in charge of the State Administration for Market Regulation. How has the deepening of the "separation of certificates and licenses" reform progressed in various regions in the past five months? What achievements have been made? What are the personal feelings of market entities? The reporter conducted an interview.
Take the pain points and difficulties of market entities as the focus of reform efforts
Certificates and licenses are the two "golden keys" for enterprises to enter the market and carry out business activities. If the certificate cannot be obtained in a timely manner, the enterprise will face great market pressure. Before the 'separation of certificates and licenses' reform, it theoretically took three months to obtain the qualification certification license for on-site technical evaluation. After the reform, the license was obtained on the spot, "said Hao Jinyu, the legal representative of Tongbiao Standard Technical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. On July 1st, the company applied for the qualification certification of inspection and testing institutions in Shanghai, and was informed of its commitment to license, adding 81 urgently needed cosmetic and footwear inspection and testing capabilities projects.
Hao Jinyu said, "The business environment is getting better and the market demand is increasing. So far, the company has opened multiple companies in Shanghai, Suzhou, Chongqing, Qingdao and other places to provide more convenient inspection and testing services for local enterprises
Yang Hongcan, Director of the Registration Bureau of the State Administration for Market Regulation, introduced, "With the continuous deepening of reform, the threshold for enterprises to enter the market has been lowered. Obtaining business licenses and conducting general business activities have become relatively convenient, but the problem of 'easy to obtain licenses but difficult to obtain them' still exists. In the field of market access, there are too many licenses, opaque rules, and high operating costs, which are prominent bottlenecks and pain points
According to this reform deployment, the State Council has issued two lists of enterprise related business license items, the "National Edition" and the "Free Trade Zone Edition". In the "national version" list, 68 items were directly cancelled from approval, 15 items were changed to filing, and 37 items were implemented with notification commitments, totaling 120 items, accounting for 23%, an increase of 8 percentage points compared to the 15% pilot of free trade zones last year. On this basis, the pilot free trade zone has increased its reform efforts, adding 14 cases of direct cancellation of approvals, 15 cases of approval being changed to filing, and 40 cases of implementation of notification commitments, totaling 69 cases.
The implementation of classification reform on business license matters related to enterprises is the core institutional arrangement of the "separation of certificates and licenses" reform. According to the actual situation, various regions have adopted four reform methods for all enterprise related business license matters: directly canceling approval, changing approval to filing, implementing notification and commitment, and optimizing approval services, gradually promoting reform.
Chen Xuejun, Director of the Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulation, introduced that the implementation of notification commitments for approval matters and the simplification of approval procedures are important institutional innovations in the "separation of certificates and licenses" reform. Shanghai is the first in the country to implement a commitment management method. By making informed commitments, enterprises have greatly shortened the time for obtaining certificates and enjoyed policy dividends. Therefore, they should strengthen internal quality management in order to continue operating.
Peng Yun, an assistant researcher at the Chinese Society of Administrative Management, said, "After five years of exploration, the 'separation of certificates and licenses' reform has gone through three stages: pilot, expansion, and full coverage of matters. It has improved the efficiency of resource allocation, effectively stimulated market vitality, and significantly increased the supply of market entities
The 'small incision' brings' great results' in the transformation of government functions
“随着改革推进，各类市场主体大量涌现，传统监管难以为继，必须对监管方式进行彻底变革。信用监管作为新型监管手段，是商事制度改革加强事中事后监管的重要制度创新。”国家市场监督管理总局信用监管司司长刘燕说。
山东省市场监管局局长侯成君介绍：“我们在全国率先建立企业信用风险分类管理制度，将企业按风险等级由低到高分为A、B、C、D、E共5类，对诚信守法的A类企业做到无事不扰，对风险等级高的企业加大抽查频率。”
In山东高唐永旺食品有限公司的生产车间，各种机器高速运转，小馒头、薯条等食品“流淌”在生产线上。总经理李义文经常到车间查看食品安全自查的落实情况，“我们很珍惜A类信用等级。一旦抽检发现问题就要被公示，品牌信誉受损，生意就不好做了。”
高唐县市场监管局将食品安全抽样检验与日常监督检查同步实施，制定了“监检结合、重点覆盖、统筹联动、均衡推进”的抽检方案。11月19日，市场监管部门工作人员与第三方检测机构人员开展抽样的同时，同步开展监督检查和执法取证，对企业生产实施设备、食品安全隐患、产品检验风险点控制等环节进行全面检查，实现“进一次门、查多项事”，切实减少对企业的干扰。
中央财经大学法学院教授王克玉认为，“证照分离”使原来的“重审批轻监管”模式转变为事中事后监管模式，看似“小切口”，却带来了政府职能转变的“大成效”。
简政不可减责，放权不是放任。经过多年行政审批制度改革，直接取消和改为备案的事项已大幅减少。今后告知承诺将成为重要方式，核查发现企业承诺不实的，将依法终止办理、责令限期整改、撤销行政决定或者予以行政处罚，纳入信用记录并通过公示系统公示，强化信用约束、社会监督。依托国家企业信用信息公示系统，通过大数据分析，能发现违法违规线索，提升市场监管智能化水平，提高监管的精准性、有效性。以科学有效地“管”，促进更大力度地“放”。总体看，改革所及的行业和领域，市场秩序平稳有序。
持续深化改革，营造稳定公平透明的营商环境
“公司打算开展出版物方面的经营，但不是很清楚如何登记经营范围、需要办理哪些许可证等。”四川省泸州市亚德酒店管理有限公司经理苏剑说。
“为了方便企业实时查询，我们通过企业开办‘一窗通’平台和‘营商通’移动端服务平台提供‘涉企经营许可办理辅助查询功能’，只要输入关键词就能查得明明白白。”四川省市场监管局局长万鹏龙说。
输入“出版物”等关键词进行查询，系统对需要办理的许可证名称、办理部门、许可证是前置还是后置以及相关的依据都作了提示。“企业可能遇到的困难，政府部门都提前为我们想到了。”苏剑介绍，公司7月1日在登记注册的同时办理了出版物经营许可证。
政府服务的优化，不仅体现在准入环节，同样惠及退出环节。原山东高唐的童启生物科技有限公司法人唐书林介绍：“现在办事大厅设置了注销专窗，公示注销告知单，帮办人员提供一对一服务，一次性注销营业执照、税务、医保、社保、公积金、印章、食品经营许可证等，十来分钟就办完了，注销通知书还免费寄到家里，太便利了！”
服务企业全生命周期，商事制度改革带来营商环境的持续优化。清华大学法学院教授余凌云认为：“好的营商环境就是生产力、竞争力。随着‘证照分离’改革的深化，有助于责任政府和服务型政府的实现，也有助于打造法治化、国际化、便利化的营商环境。”
近年来，我国营商环境持续改善，全球排名大幅提升。世界银行发布的报告显示，2020年，我国营商环境全球排名升至31位，较2019年提升15位，已连续两年跻身全球营商环境改善幅度最大的10个经济体之一。
“下一步，我们要推动持续深化‘证照分离’改革，力争2022年底前建立简约高效、公正透明、宽进严管的行业准营规则，大幅提高市场主体办事的便利度和可预期性，更大激发市场主体活力和竞争力，着力营造稳定公平透明的营商环境。”国家市场监督管理总局相关负责人介绍。
