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What financing strategy should a company follow regardless of whether it is in a favorable or unfavorable situation?

Editor's note: Financing requires strategy, but it is also an art. But ultimately, financing is a tool for business development, and whether in good times or bad, you can use this tool to solve different problems. How to use this tool effectively? The advice from the three partners of Junlian Capital may bring you a different perspective.

1、 How to grasp the pace of financing?

Li Jiaqing:Financing is not simply about finding money for a short period of time, but a long-term and extremely complex endeavor. The purpose of financing may include: improving governance structure; Short term release of liquidity to alleviate pressure on management teams and employees; Supplement operating funds; Go out for a spin, set a price, and have a certain impact in the market; Or use it to expand resources and establish customer relationships.

For managers, financing should be seen as a tool that can be used when the business encounters problems. Therefore, there is no need to fear financing, nor is it necessary to wait until a certain time to seek financing.

Zhou Hongbin:The core of financing rhythm should grasp two things: cash flow security and control security. These two things ensure that you can do what you want to do, and if you do it, the company will still be yours.

To ensure the safety of cash flow, companies usually need to keep enough funds for 12-18 months as a basis to consider the amount and timing of financing.

There are several ways to ensure the safety of control: firstly, increase the equity of the management appropriately during financing and provide certain compensation for the diluted portion. If the company is in a positive state, both new and old shareholders will support this incentive method. Secondly, control is not entirely equal to shares, but also related to the board of directors. With a well-designed voting mechanism, even if the management does not hold controlling stakes, they can still effectively control the company. Thirdly, establish good relationships with important shareholders, form a tacit understanding, and be able to support you in major decisions.

Zhou Wan:It is relatively easier for medical enterprises to grasp the pace of financing. Its development is carried out according to milestones, with very clear nodes, and the interval between two nodes generally does not exceed 18-24 months. Too frequent financing, failure to achieve milestones, lack of valuation improvement, and waste of management energy will also hinder the subsequent financing.

Regardless of the type, the key to grasping the pace of corporate financing lies in understanding the business laws.

Specifically, medical enterprises can be divided into two types.Technology driven enterpriseTo avoid diluting equity significantly at the beginning of establishment. We see some overseas returnee entrepreneurs who raise millions of dollars in the early stages of their entrepreneurship and then give away 20-30% of their equity. As they continue to work, the company has nothing to do with themselves. My suggestion: Firstly, try to get government money in the early stages, and if you have money, also invest a little. Of course, the government's money also needs to be repaid in the later stage, and psychological expectations should be well prepared. Secondly, when there is a "hazy beauty", quickly raise funds and do not wait until the sales stage of entering the hospital. Everyone can start after counting, which will be very difficult at that time.

It is very important for technology driven enterprises to choose which node for financing. From an investor's perspective, my favorite investment timing is one or two years after the product is certified. Usually, when a product is first registered or clinical data is particularly good, the CEO is full of confidence, thinking that my skills are particularly good and that I will definitely sell well as soon as I come out. But the domestic medical system has cycles. After a product is launched for one or two years, sales may not rise at all, and the CEO will definitely face setbacks. This is a good investment opportunity. But for entrepreneurs, they should try to avoid this as much as possible and raise more money when they first obtain the certificate.

Another type is enterprises where scale is crucial. For example, for a third-party logistics platform that produces high-value consumables, low-cost funding is particularly important. Once it scales up, its advantage over competitors will be very obvious, and there will be positive feedback from upstream and downstream, resulting in network effects. So we must increase the scale, even if the management's equity is diluted, we can think of other ways.

Li Jiaqing:From the perspective of investors, it should be reminded that the current environment is quite complex and the market volatility is high. Business operators should always be prepared with Plan B to deal with unexpected events.

When the external environment is not good, the valuation can be lowered first, and if the future performance is good, there can be a certain return and compensation. If the valuation is high and outsiders find it too expensive to come in, and the company needs money, then there should be some compromise solutions, such as old shareholders selling some stocks and allowing new shareholders to come in, to pull the comprehensive valuation to a relatively reasonable level and match the needs of both supply and demand sides.

如果市场环境不错,企业也不太需要钱,这时候就不融资了吗?等到市场不好时怎么办?这些问题要想好。我建议,这种时候要去“交朋友”,提前让未来能支持你的人先进来,估值高一点低一点都可以。做任何事情不能只看一步,要多看三步。不要想着现在我很热门,开个天价,你爱来不来,等日子不好过了,让人家来也不来了。

融资是非常多因素掺杂在一起的事,很少有“想睡觉就有个枕头”的时候。在任何时间点,企业都应该把融资作为一个工具来用好,和投资者保持一个长期、友善的关系,这样才有后面的“锦上添花”或者“雪中送炭”。

Zhou Hongbin:融多少钱和企业的类型有关。如果企业业务好,不缺钱,行业受大环境影响也不大,那就要考虑钱以外的价值。比如正在准备上市,那谁能帮我上市就让谁进来,别的钱可以不要。

企业所处的行业运营资金消耗比较大,竞争对手虎视眈眈,只有快速做大才能生存,那在任何时候,有多少钱,融多少钱,迅速把公司做成行业第一。当然,如果节奏太频繁,还要考虑管理层精力问题,创业阶段,核心一两个人的精力是最重要的资源。

如果企业需要长期的基础性研发投入,创始人想做成特别大的事,那可能账上有十个亿,也要再去融更多的钱。尤其是在外部环境好、老股东都支持的时候多去融一些。但要注意,尽可能不稀释管理团队的股份,因为管理层的动力非常重要。

二、怎么定估值?

Li Jiaqing:投资人估值首先看的是这件事的想象空间,而不是阶段性的财务表现。第二点,看轻重,这是一件以小搏大的事,还是以大才能搏大的事?第三点,看快慢,这件事一旦发生,会来得很快吗?如果说这个事情很大,一旦发生就会很快的话,估值一般低不了。

还有一种项目,我们叫它“大终局”项目,比如马斯克干的那些事,都是大终局的事。这种项目要么没有,要实现就需要几十亿美金。认可这件事的投资人就上,起步价就七八亿美金,大家分一分,这不是那种你先试试,好了再跟进的事。这种项目需要创业者的融资能力极强,维护住一批长期的投资人。

还有一个影响估值的重要因素,巨头的加入。如果巨头认为这件事对他们来说是一把锋利的尖刀,哪怕它不挣钱,但是对于流量变现,战略防守或进攻,带动其他业务非常重要的话,估值一下就上去了,这时候已经不是单纯地看企业价值了,因为它是巨头生态中的一部分。

Zhou Hongbin:大终局的项目还是少数,我们投资的大多数项目是行业有前景,企业还不错,可预期的未来能有不错的成长,这时候就会回到合理的估值逻辑。

我们会考虑公司所在行业的成长性、未来在二级市场受欢迎的程度、公司的行业地位、商业模式、现金流、上市的时间等因素。很明显,如果明年就能上市,跟五年后能上市的企业估值可能差一倍,因为时间是最大的风险。

站在企业家的角度,每轮融资找到五家左右投资人,比一下就知道估值是不是公允,如果还不满意,那一定是自己的预期过高。哪家投资人价格没欺负我,能提供些钱以外的价值,是可靠的伙伴,就可以合作。

Zhou Wan:我相信一切价值都来源于未来自由现金流的折现,难点就在于怎么去估算未来的现金流。一是靠经验的积累,二是考虑到市场上的风险,进行折现。还有一种可比估值法,参照业务类似、阶段相近的公司估值,但我通常不用这种方法,因为市场经常犯错误,不能因为别人犯错了,你也跟着犯错。 

三、怎样选择合适的投资人?

Zhou Hongbin:合适的投资人首先要志同道合。投资人要深入了解公司所在的行业,对行业所处的发展阶段、成长性、基本的商业规律,能和企业的认知和预期达成共识。只有志同道合了,才能一起走下去。如果投资人刚一进来就出去,对双方都伤害很大。对企业来说,外面会猜测为什么投资人这么快就走,如果这个投资人是个大牌,那更麻烦;对投资人来说,这么快就出来也不太可能有理想的回报。

第二,要看投资机构的具体要素。资金从哪来的?LP是什么结构?如果LP是长期、可靠的机构,就不容易出问题。基金是5-7年的基金,还是8-10年的基金?是从哪一年开始的?如果是5-7年的基金,今年已经到第三年了,这样的钱要了以后就是麻烦。

第三,看投资决策委员会(IC)的组成和决策机制。有的IC关键成员可能是老外,而且对中国还不了解,这种就要小心了。小心的意思不是不选他,是要给他们留出充分的沟通时间。有的IC成员里有LP, 那需要去了解LP的专业性、影响力。

另外看看IC成员有多少人,君联一般是4-5个人,这些人在一起工作的时间比较长,几乎所有人都是从一线的投资经理做起的,对业务有专业的理解。还要具体看和你来谈的合伙人在IC里面的经验和话语权,事先了解IC偏好和可能的投资方案。 

第四,看具体对接团队的稳定性和专业性。

第五,在已经有不少投资人的情况下,要考虑投资人之间的差异化组合。有的人能带来业务,有的人能给予管理的帮助,有的人能在上市上发挥作用,有的人能投贷联动。不同轮次,适合的投资人也不一样。

Zhou Wan:第一,尽量选择头部的投资人,现在的形势下,好的基金会在好的企业身上集中投资,手里也会留钱,如果企业未来融资困难能及时给予帮助。另外,头部的投资人能够为企业下一轮融资做背书,大大降低融资的难度。

第二,要确定一家投资人的时候,最好找这个董事之前投过的一些项目去聊聊,反过来做一个尽调。看看他的过往业绩、投资风格、产生分歧的处理方式、对行业的理解。

第三,投资人的资源互补很重要。 

Li Jiaqing:投资人和创业者都满意的项目,往往投资人组合和董事会构成非常好。大家会扮演不同的角色,但是没有任何一个投资人是宁可损害公司的利益,试图来获取个人利益的。这个过程中,投资人的互补、对公司长期发展战略和节奏的共识以及投资人之间的相互认同都非常重要。

一个好的企业家到最后一定是一个好的投资人的组织者。价格因素,不应该成为选择投资人的决定性因素,投资人之间的和谐,可能对企业的帮助会更大。融资的时候一定要全盘考虑一下,什么样的投资人组合更适合我们。 

四、要不要签对赌协议?

Zhou Hongbin:有的时候,投资人需要签对赌协议才能完成决策,但企业自己得清楚,做不到的底线自己是能够接受的。

总体上,奖励条款比对赌条款效果要好。对赌会对企业经营目标和达成手段都造成影响。真的出现对赌失败,会导致管理层和投资人之间的不愉快,影响合作基础。如果我们不得不去设一些业绩的条件,尽量搞成奖励机制,未来好相处一些。实在不行签了对赌协议,要把条款跟一把手和关键的2-3名核心成员讲清楚,万一出现这个情况,双方的沟通基础不要破坏。

Li Jiaqing:对赌一般不要谈。投资人很难通过对赌占到便宜,企业也很少赌赢。赌不赢既伤和气,又影响团队信心,创始人和股东也受影响。某种程度上对赌就是给团队一定的压力,但是敞开了赌,我们作为股东是不太接受的,这说明投资人和创业者已经完全不在一张纸上说话了,哪怕进来了日子也没法过。

五、对创业者融资的建议?

Li Jiaqing:目前投资行业受市场环境影响波动很大,整体的融资规模下降50%,我们的投资速度也降下来50%,这是前所未有的。如果大家有融资需求,一定高度重视。在这种情况下,估值不是最重要的,保障公司安全最重要。

第二,融资过程中,不要被带着节奏走。市场中现在没有普遍性了,很多事情是很偶然的,不能复制的。要更加务实,按照自己的资金需求,针对外部市场环境的变化去完成融资。市场整体的估值水平会逐渐降下来,投资人的预期也会发生很大变化。

第三,如果日子不好过,还是及时跟老投资人和股东沟通。可能需要老投资人放弃一些利益,折价卖一部分股份,降低新投资人的成本,帮助公司下一轮融资。现在基金管理人现金回流的压力也非常大,既然企业融资有压力,投资人现金回流也有压力,要利用好这个契机,做好新一轮融资。

Zhou Hongbin:大家对整个宏观环境要保持谨慎乐观。钱还是多些好,即便现在不怎么需要钱,要为未来有更多机会、更好的资金使用效率做准备。

做好投资人的组合,不要让不好合作的投资人进来,否则会给公司的治理和后续发展带来钱以外的麻烦,企业家也难受、投资人也难受,解决起来很麻烦,很耗时间,对公司发展和管理层都是阴影。总之,谨慎乐观,钱多些好,投资人组合要做好。

Zhou Wan:提醒一点,唯一不能成为融资理由的是企业家自己的虚荣心。企业家要对公司发展有理性的认知,不能光给自己算账,也要给别人赚钱的空间。


作者:君联资本

Editor He Yang of this website/Organizing

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