Miao Wei: China's manufacturing industry has resilience to cope with risks and challenges
On September 24th, the US government announced a 10% tariff on $200 billion worth of goods from China, escalating the economic and trade friction between China and the US. How resilient is China's manufacturing industry? Does the manufacturing industry have the confidence and ability to cope with various risks and challenges? What is the overall situation and characteristics of China's industrial operation in the first 8 months of this year? What measures has the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology taken and will it take in the future to help enterprises cope with the difficulties they are currently facing? With the above questions in mind, our reporter recently interviewed Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology.
There is still a lot of resilience and room for maneuver in China's manufacturing industry, and we have the confidence, capability, and confidence to cope with various risks and challenges.
In the first eight months of this year, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.5% year-on-year, of which the added value of manufacturing industry, which accounts for about 85% of the industry, increased by 6.8%, faster than the expected target set at the beginning of the year. Miao Wei introduced that in addition to the increase in growth rate and significant improvement in enterprise efficiency, achieving double-digit growth, the industrial economy in the first eight months also showed the following three highlights:
Firstly, the growth rate of high-tech manufacturing industry is faster than the overall industrial growth rate. In the first 8 months, the added value of high-tech manufacturing increased by 11.9%, which was 5.1 percentage points faster than the overall manufacturing industry. Industries such as electronic manufacturing, aerospace and equipment manufacturing, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing all maintain double-digit growth rates.
Secondly, the growth rate of manufacturing investment has steadily rebounded. From January to August, manufacturing investment increased by 7.5% year-on-year, accelerating by 3 percentage points compared to the same period last year. Of particular note is the 8.6% increase in private investment in the manufacturing industry, which is 4 percentage points faster than the same period last year. Everyone knows the input-output relationship in the manufacturing industry, and today's input will definitely bring tomorrow's output. Manufacturing investment has also achieved the fastest growth rate since March 2016.
三是制造业进一步扩大对外开放。今年新修订的《外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）（2018年版）》，在一般制造业领域进一步放开了汽车、船舶和飞机等外商准入门槛，并定出了对外资开放时间表。今年4月，习近平主席在博鳌亚洲论坛宣布进一步扩大对外开放的总体要求，大幅度地降低了工业产品的进口关税，对外开放取得了新的进展。
Faced with various risks and challenges, China's manufacturing industry still has great resilience and room for maneuver. We have the confidence, ability, and confidence to cope with various risks and challenges, "Miao Wei said. Firstly, China is a huge global market, and after years of development, we have ranked first in the total volume of manufacturing industry. Secondly, from the perspective of industrial system, China has a relatively complete system of all industrial categories determined by the United Nations. After years of development, the enterprise has gradually embarked on an innovation driven development path. In addition, the combination of information technology and manufacturing over the years has also given rise to many new economic forms and formats, such as large-scale personalized customization and service-oriented manufacturing, which have brought new development space and enormous potential to the manufacturing industry.
With the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, the strong support of the people across the country, and the concerted efforts of thousands of enterprises on the path of innovative development, we can turn disadvantages into advantages and crises into opportunities. China's development will definitely enter a new platform and new heights.
China is seizing the opportunity of the new industrial revolution and promoting the manufacturing industry to move towards the mid to high end of the industrial chain. However, overseas reports claiming that China will take 10 years to replace the United States in the top 10 industries are a misreading and misunderstanding
“我们错过了前几次工业革命，在新一轮工业革命中，我们一定要抓住机遇，解决发展当中存在的问题，推动制造业向产业链中高端迈进。”苗圩说，工业和信息化部主要做了以下几方面工作。
一是完善融合发展政策体系，出台一系列指导性文件。同时，注重发挥地方政府作用，实现“横向联动，纵向贯通”的联动机制。
二是持续开展两化融合试点示范。新工业革命最大的推进器，就是信息通信技术和制造业的融合发展。工业和信息化部在2013年就制定了两化融合管理体系国家标准（23000系列），并在国家标准化委员会的支持下将其提交到ISO（国际标准化组织）。国家标准制定以后，工业和信息化部动员广大企业贯彻，并选择部分有意愿的企业开展第三方诊断评估，还有一些企业自愿参加了对标准体系贯标的认定工作。目前，已经遴选了近200个制造业与互联网融合发展试点示范，116个制造业“双创”平台试点示范。
三是推动制造业“双创”发展。按照党中央国务院推动“大众创业 万众创新”的总体要求，工业和信息化部鼓励中小企业更多的运用信息通信技术推动企业发展。同时，打造了一大批面向中小企业的公共服务平台，包括云平台等，为中小企业“上云”提供帮助。
四是实施工业互联网平台建设及推广工程。工业互联网涉及到三个方面。一是网络侧，工业和信息化部积极推动有线、无线宽带网络建设发展，特别是5G建设发展。二是打造了若干个面向中小企业的公共服务平台，实施工业互联网平台培育、百万工业APP培育、百万工业企业上云等工程。三是保证工业大数据的安全，制定了一系列保护个人隐私和企业数据安全的措施，防止数据被攻击、篡改。
截至目前，制造业重点行业骨干企业“双创”平台普及率超过73%，数字化研发设计工具普及率、关键工序数控化率分别达到67.4%、48.4%，制造业数字化、网络化、智能化水平持续提升。
“我注意到海外有报道称，中国要花10年时间在10大行业中取代美国，这是一种误读和误解，这也过高的估计了中国的实力。”苗圩说，早在2015年11月他曾给政协委员做过一个讲座，当时说到从技术、制造业发展等方面看，中美之间大概有三十年的差距。中国大体上要分三个阶段，花三个十年才能追上美国，至于说取美国而代之，这不是中国政府所制定的目标。中美两国应该是竞赛谁跑得更快，而不应该互相指责谁跑得更快，在这个方面加强合作、互利共赢是一条成功的经验。任何一个国家不可能关起门来只谋求自己的发展，这是多年来国际发展经验所证明的一条发展道路，必须坚持对外开放。
“我们还是要保持战略定力，按照既定的目标和方针，实现中国从制造大国向制造强国的转变。”苗圩说。
按照中央确定的“稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期”的总方针，给企业创造更好的营商环境、投资环境，大幅降低企业非税负担
苗圩表示，工业和信息化部将按照中央确定的“稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期”的总方针，做好下半年的各项工作。要按照中央的总体部属，进一步简政放权，放管服结合，对在中国的外资企业和国内的企业给予更多的关注、关心，给企业创造更好的营商环境、投资环境，鼓励、吸引更多外资到中国来发展。
大幅降低企业非税负担，是今年企业减负的重要工作，也是帮助企业迎接挑战的重要措施。苗圩说，工业和信息化部在四个方面着力推进企业减负，一是发挥好减轻企业负担部际联席会议机制作用，推动国务院已经确定的减税减费政策措施出台落实，确保企业有获得感。
二是按照国务院第三次常务会议关于“确保一般工商业电价平均降低10%，降价效果要组织第三方评估”的部署，建立第三方评估机制，评估工商企业是否有10%的电价下降。
三是开展涉企保证金专项检查。对于过去一些行业要求企业缴纳的保证金，能取消的尽量取消，不能取消的开展专项检查，确保企业保证金能够使用规范，不会增加企业负担。
四是推动产融合作，降低融资成本。工业和信息化部在全国选取二十多个城市，会同人民银行、证监会，开展产融合作试点，推动金融机构把更多的资金疏导到实体经济上来，解决中小企业融资难、融资贵问题。同时，会同人民银行、银监会，开展了一项企业在手订单的质押、担保、融资政策（PSM），促进金融行业支持实体经济发展。
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