Chinese large enterprises advance to the top tier
Recently, the China Enterprise Confederation and the China Entrepreneur Association released the list and report of the top 500 Chinese enterprises for the 18th consecutive year, with Sinopec, PetroChina, and State Grid ranking in the top three. The entry threshold, asset size, and number of participants in international standard setting for the top 500 enterprises have set a new record.
Currently, China's economy has deeply integrated into the world economy. It is crucial for the future development to have a large number of enterprises with global resource integration capabilities and market control. We need to accelerate the formation of a global production and service system, continuously improve our overseas risk prevention capabilities and levels, and cultivate more world-class enterprises, "said Wang Jiangping, Deputy Minister of Industry and Information Technology.
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The number of enterprises with operating income of over 100 billion yuan has significantly increased, with per capita operating income achieving three consecutive increases and per capita net profit achieving two consecutive increases
Enterprises are the micro entities of the socialist market economy, the fundamental cells of the national economy, and the main driving force for promoting economic and social development. In the past year, facing the challenges of rising trade protectionism and unilateralism, as well as domestic economic restructuring and the transformation of old and new driving forces, the top 500 Chinese enterprises have still delivered impressive results.
——The 'height' of Chinese large enterprises has increased.
The operating income of the top 500 Chinese enterprises maintains a rapid growth rate, and the entry threshold continues to increase. The total operating revenue of the top 500 Chinese enterprises in 2019 was 79.1 trillion yuan, accounting for approximately 87.86% of China's GDP last year; The total assets of the top 500 companies were 299.15 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.08% over the previous year, with a growth rate increase of 2 percentage points; The entry threshold is a revenue of 32.325 billion yuan, an increase of 1.636 billion yuan from the previous year.
The number of billion dollar enterprises among the top 500 Chinese companies has significantly increased. The number of enterprises with a revenue scale of over 100 billion yuan among the top 500 Chinese enterprises in 2019 is 194, an increase of 22 from the previous year, and the number of newly added enterprises has reached a new high. These 194 billion dollar enterprises have achieved a total operating revenue of 62.11 trillion yuan, accounting for 78.52% of all Fortune 500 companies, an increase of 2.85 percentage points in proportion. Among them, there were 57 private enterprises, an increase of 10 from the previous year.
——The 'physique' of Chinese large enterprises has improved.
Efficiency and benefits continue to improve. The total profit and net profit of the top 500 Chinese enterprises in 2019 increased by 20.7% and 10.3% respectively compared to the previous year. Among them, the net profit of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises increased by 19.44%, an increase of 0.26 percentage points, and remained above 19% for three consecutive years. The net asset profit margin of the Fortune 500 was 9.7%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous year; The per capita operating income was 2.3547 million yuan, an increase of 124700 yuan from the previous year's top 500 companies, achieving three consecutive increases; The per capita net profit was 105100 yuan, an increase of 4700 yuan from the previous year's top 500 companies, achieving two consecutive increases.
The industrial structure continues to optimize and move towards the mid to high end of the industrial chain. From the perspective of the industry structure of enterprises entering and exiting the list, the group of large enterprises continues to move towards the mid to high end of the industrial chain. In the 2019 Top 500 Chinese Enterprises, the number of manufacturing enterprises decreased by three compared to the previous year, but modern advanced equipment manufacturing enterprises continue to grow. One new enterprise was added to the list in the power and electrical equipment manufacturing industry, wind and solar energy equipment manufacturing industry, computer and office equipment manufacturing industry, communication equipment manufacturing industry, semiconductor, integrated circuit and panel manufacturing industry, promoting this large group of Chinese enterprises to leap towards the middle and high end of the manufacturing industry chain. From the perspective of the Top 500 in the service industry, the proportion of traditional trade retail and transportation enterprises continued to decline, and modern service industry enterprises such as the Internet, finance and supply chain rose rapidly, which also showed that the internal structure of large service enterprises continued to improve.
——The international ranking of Chinese large enterprises has become higher.
24 large Chinese enterprises have entered the top 100 of the Fortune Global 500; Among the 129 Chinese companies listed in the Fortune Global 500, 84 have risen in ranking, with an average increase of 31.9 places. China has been the most important breeding ground for new Fortune 500 companies for many consecutive years.
Chinese large enterprises, represented by the Fortune 500, have shown a good trend of healthy development, with a more obvious trend towards high-quality development. Wang Zhongyu, President of the China Enterprise Confederation, said that the achievements of large enterprises are the result of the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, and the concentrated embodiment of China's large enterprises seizing opportunities, overcoming difficulties, and striving hard, fully playing the role of the backbone, deepening supply side structural reform, and accelerating the transformation of old and new driving forces.
Go against the trend and rely on innovation
The number of invention patent applications has continued to grow for 9 consecutive years, and the number of participants in international standard setting has reached a historic high
The downward pressure on the economy is increasing, and the high growth dividends of many industries are gradually diminishing, but innovation is bringing new dividends to enterprises. "As Zhang Yuliang, Chairman of Greenland Holdings Group, said, more and more large enterprises are no longer simply relying on the wind to" blow to the sky ", but are practicing their internal strength and making innovation an inexhaustible driving force for sustained growth of enterprises.
——Innovation highlights strategic leadership, and technological breakthroughs are sustained.
Large enterprises often need to participate in international competition, set strategic goals, and build systematic advantages in order to not fear big waves.
今年4月，张玉良到访深圳华为总部时，发现那里有一座漂亮的湖，里面游着黑天鹅。华为副董事长郭平介绍：“黑天鹅是花钱从国外引进的，就是为了警示大家，代表不确定性的‘黑天鹅’可能就在身边，企业发展时刻不能掉以轻心。”
正是这种警醒，让华为在成长战略上专注执着，即使在困难时期或行业不景气时，也苦练内功。每年高达14%以上的研发强度，成就了华为在核心领域关键技术上的突破。
这些年，包括华为在内的很多500强企业，更加重视创新实力的持续积累。2019中国企业500强中有426家企业提供了研发数据，研发投入大幅增长了21.71%；有396家企业提供了专利数据，共申报发明专利40.56万件，比上年500强增长了17.4%，发明专利数量连续9年持续增长。
——创新坚持心无旁骛，主业发展高端化。
经济进入新常态，大企业要实现营收持续增长，不能再单纯依靠铺摊子。告别“大而不强”，就得在主业上攻坚克难，锻造“人无我有”的核心竞争力。
在山东重工集团董事长谭旭光看来，增强中国企业国际竞争力，要打造一支敢亮剑、能碰硬的“钢铁”团队，还要心无旁骛攻主业，才能在国际竞争中掌握更大话语权。
“我们有地，但从没想过炒房子赚钱；销售收入稳定，也没有动过搞金融的心思。”谭旭光说，山东重工旗下的潍柴，30多年来专注突破高速重型发动机及动力总成关键核心技术，推动我国重型商用车行业迈向高端。“2018年集团销售收入的42%来自海外，收购的海外企业都具有核心技术，能补上我们的短板。”
不仅是潍柴，中国企业500强中不少大企业都在自己的主业上深耕细作，培育国际竞争新优势，参与国际标准制定数也创历史新高。2019中国企业500强共参与制定国际标准1905项，比上年增加了350项。从行业看，电信服务、家用电器制造、黑色冶金、轨道交通设备及零部件制造企业分别参与制定了949项、127项、108项、103项国际标准，具有较强的国际话语权。
——创新不畏下行压力，企业管理智慧化。
大企业易患“大企业病”，层级过多，人浮于事，坚持企业管理创新才能实现效率变革。尤其是经济下行压力加大时，练好内功，提高运行效率，才能更好“过冬”。
2014年，我国发电市场全面进入了降电价、降利用小时、低电量增长率、低负荷率的“双降双低”通道。面对下行压力，国家能源集团大渡河公司却决定每年投入8000万元全面推进智慧企业建设，深入推进管理变革。
如今再算账：凭云计算与大数据中心建设，就能节约成本费用逾1亿元；依靠预报调控一体化平台，每年可减少负荷调节工作量约3万次，增收电费1.2亿元；2017年，依靠电厂健康状态预测预警模型，还提前4个月预警了龚嘴7号机固定导叶裂纹，避免了重大安全事故。“凭借这些核心技术，公司连续安全生产超过5080天，这个投入划算！”总经理涂扬举说。
百尺竿头更争先
与国际先进企业相比，我国大企业引领发展的能力还不够强，仍需改革创新
尽管成绩突出，但挑战依然不少。
“与国际先进企业相比，我国大企业引领发展的能力还不够强，在全球供应链主导权、关键核心技术创新能力、行业话语权、效益效率、自主知识产权等方面还有较大差距。”王忠禹分析，2019中国100大跨国公司的平均跨国指数不足世界100大跨国公司的1/3。
中企联发布的《2019中国大企业发展趋势问题与建议》显示，全球顶尖精密仪器前25强基本上被国外企业垄断，工业机器人三大核心技术基本掌握在日本企业手中。在高端机床、火箭、大飞机、发动机等尖端领域，虽然部分零件实现了国产，但生产零件的设备95%依赖进口。全球总共有约130种关键核心材料，其中32%我国不能生产，另有52%依赖进口。
“我国技术追赶的步伐越快，一些发达国家的焦虑与猜忌也就越严重。此外，如果我国目前掌握的核心技术、可以自给自足的关键材料不能持续在质量、水平上实现提升，或是取得迭代新突破，制造业的转型升级也难以顺利推进。”中国企业联合会首席研究员缪荣说。
在国家发改委副秘书长赵辰昕看来，“大企业作为领头羊，一定程度上代表着国家的竞争力和创新水平。新时代呼唤更多优秀企业、呼唤更多具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业。”
——培育具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业，要聚焦实业“不花心”。
“任何时候实体经济都是我国发展的根基，没有这个根基，我国经济非但走不远，而且难以在国际竞争中取胜。从中国500强榜单来看，大部分企业都是靠做实业发展起来的。企业还是要做强做精做优实业主业，将发展先进制造业作为关键抓手，不断夯实产业基础能力，增强产业韧性，提升产业链水平，打好产业基础高级化、产业链现代化的攻坚战。”国务院国资委秘书长彭华岗说。
——培育具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业，要抢抓机遇“不犹疑”。
创新是发展的第一动力，具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业要掌握行业核心技术和关键技术，在技术上持续引领产业升级，在管理上有效提升运行效率。
“规模大不是企业价值，用户资源才是价值。一味固守传统思维，大企业就可能成为沉没的泰坦尼克号。”海尔集团总裁周云杰说，抢抓物联网新机遇，海尔打造具有自主知识产权、全球首家引入用户消费者参与体验的COSMOplat（大规模定制平台），不仅入选了全球首批“灯塔工厂”，在世界500强的排名也比上一年上升了51位。“企业只有不断创新才能实现可持续发展。物联网时代，谁拥有更多的终身用户，谁才能抓住大变革中的机遇。”
大胆探索经风雨，勇于实践不畏难，站在新起点，中国大企业百尺竿头更争先。王忠禹说：“大企业应深刻认识外部环境的复杂性和不确定性，以培育发展新动能为突破口，以创建具有国际竞争力的世界一流企业为目标，深度参与并重构全球价值链，不断把我国大企业的发展质量和水平推上新的台阶。”
Information source: China Government website
Editor He Yang of this website/Organizing
