Xi Jinping: Strive to become the world's major science center and innovation highland
Since the beginning of the 21st century, global technological innovation has entered an unprecedentedly intensive and active period. A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is restructuring the global innovation landscape and reshaping the global economic structure. The new generation of information technology, represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communication, the Internet of Things, and blockchain, is accelerating breakthrough applications. The field of life sciences, represented by synthetic biology, gene editing, neuroscience, and regenerative medicine, is nurturing new changes. Advanced manufacturing technologies that integrate robotics, digitization, and new materials are accelerating the transformation of manufacturing towards intelligence, serviceability, and greenness. The accelerated development of energy technology with the goal of clean, efficient, and sustainable development will trigger a global energy revolution, and space and ocean technologies are expanding new frontiers for human survival and development. In short, original breakthroughs in information, life, manufacturing, energy, space, ocean, and other fields have provided more sources of innovation for cutting-edge and disruptive technologies. There is an increasing trend of cross disciplinary integration, between science and technology, between technology, and between natural sciences and humanities and social sciences. Science and technology have never had such a profound impact on the future and destiny of a country and the well-being of its people as they do today.
At present, there are still some outstanding problems that urgently need to be solved in the field of science and technology in China, especially compared with the new tasks and requirements proposed at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. There are many areas where China's science and technology are not adapted in terms of vision, innovation capability, resource allocation, institutional policies, etc. The shortcomings of basic scientific research in our country are still prominent. Enterprises do not attach enough importance to basic research, there is a lack of major original achievements, and the underlying basic technology and process capabilities are insufficient. Bottlenecks such as industrial mother machines, high-end chips, basic software and hardware, development platforms, basic algorithms, basic components, and basic materials are still prominent. The situation where key core technologies are subject to human control has not been fundamentally changed. Our country's technology research and development focus on industrial development bottlenecks and insufficient demand, and the global vision for planning technology openness and cooperation is not enough. The ability to transform scientific and technological achievements is not strong enough. The system and mechanism for talent development in our country are not yet perfect, and the incentive mechanism to stimulate talent innovation and creativity is not sound. There is a lack of top talents and teams. Our country's science and technology management system is not yet fully adapted to the needs of building a world science and technology power. Many major decisions in the reform of the science and technology system have not yet formed a joint force, and the coordination and connection between science and technology innovation policies and economic and industrial policies are not enough. The mechanism and environment for encouraging and accommodating innovation in the whole society need to be optimized.
2018年5月28日，中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会在北京人民大会堂隆重开幕。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平出席会议并发表重要讲话。
To become strong and prosperous, China must vigorously develop science and technology, and strive to become a major scientific center and innovation highland in the world. We are closer than ever in history to the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and we need to build a world science and technology power more than ever in history!
Now, we are entering a historic period of convergence between the world's new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and China's transformation of development mode. We are facing both rare historical opportunities and severe challenges of widening gaps. We must be aware that some historical convergence periods may produce resonance of the same frequency, and some historical convergence periods may also pass by.
The situation is pressing, the challenge is pressing, and the mission is pressing. Our country's vast number of scientific and technological workers should grasp the trend, seize the opportunity, face problems head-on, overcome difficulties, aim at the forefront of world science and technology, lead the direction of scientific and technological development, shoulder the heavy responsibility entrusted by history, and bravely be the vanguard of scientific and technological innovation in the new era.
Firstly, fully recognize that innovation is the primary driving force, provide high-quality technology supply, and focus on supporting the construction of a modern economic system. In the Book of Ink, it is written that 'force is the reason why form is vigorous', which means that power is the reason for the movement of objects. We should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of development, support the supply side structural reform as the main line, take improving the quality of the supply system as the main direction, promote the transformation of economic development quality, efficiency, and driving force, and significantly enhance China's economic quality advantage. We should promote efficient flow of resource elements and optimized allocation of resources by filling gaps, tapping potential, and increasing advantages, driving industrial chain reconstruction and value chain upgrading, meeting effective and potential demands, achieving supply-demand matching and dynamic balanced development, improving market development expectations, and boosting confidence in real economic development.
The world is entering a period of economic development dominated by the information industry. We need to seize the opportunity of the integrated development of digitization, networking, and intelligence, and use informationization and intelligence as leverage to cultivate new driving forces. To highlight the leading and pillar role, priority should be given to cultivating and vigorously developing a number of strategic emerging industry clusters, and building new pillars of the industrial system. We should promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence with the real economy, and make the digital economy bigger and stronger. We should take intelligent manufacturing as the main direction to promote industrial technological transformation and optimization upgrading, fundamentally transform the manufacturing industry model and enterprise form, use "innovation" to drive "reform", use increment to drive stock, and promote China's industry to move towards the middle and high end of the global value chain.
Secondly, we must remain committed to independent innovation, strengthen our confidence in innovation, and strive to enhance our ability for independent innovation. Only a confident country and nation can steadily move forward on the path to the future. The tree is tall and has lush leaves, tied to deep roots. Self reliance is the cornerstone of the Chinese nation's struggle to stand among the world's nations, and independent innovation is the only way for us to climb the summit of world science and technology. If my heart believes it is feasible, then the difficulty of moving mountains and filling seas will eventually succeed; if my heart believes it is not feasible, then it will be easy to break branches and there will be no period of effectiveness. Innovation has always been a life of nine deaths, but we must have the courage to 'do what we have in our hearts, even if we die nine times, we will not regret it'. Our country's vast number of scientific and technological workers should have strong confidence and determination in innovation, neither underestimating themselves nor being arrogant. They should be brave enough to overcome difficulties, pursue excellence, win victories, and actively seize the high ground of technological competition and future development.
Practice repeatedly tells us that key core technologies cannot be obtained, bought, or obtained. Only by mastering key core technologies can we fundamentally ensure national economic security, defense security, and other security. To enhance the "four confidences", we should take key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations as breakthroughs, dare to take the path that previous generations have not taken, strive to achieve independent and controllable key core technologies, and firmly grasp the initiative of innovation and development in our own hands.
建设世界科技强国，得有标志性科技成就。要强化战略导向和目标引导，强化科技创新体系能力，加快构筑支撑高端引领的先发优势，加强对关系根本和全局的科学问题的研究部署，在关键领域、卡脖子的地方下大功夫，集合精锐力量，作出战略性安排，尽早取得突破，力争实现我国整体科技水平从跟跑向并行、领跑的战略性转变，在重要科技领域成为领跑者，在新兴前沿交叉领域成为开拓者，创造更多竞争优势。要把满足人民对美好生活的向往作为科技创新的落脚点，把惠民、利民、富民、改善民生作为科技创新的重要方向。
2021年2月3日至5日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平来到贵州考察调研，看望慰问各族干部群众，向全国各族人民致以美好的新春祝福。这是5日上午，习近平通过视频察看“中国天眼”现场，同总控室的科技工作者代表亲切交流，并向全国广大科技工作者拜年。
Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system. To aim at the forefront of world technology, seize major trends, play the "first move" well, lay a solid foundation, reserve for the long term, be willing to sit on the cold bench, be brave to be a tree planter and well digger, achieve significant breakthroughs in forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements, and consolidate the foundation of building a world science and technology power. We should increase our efforts in applied basic research, take the promotion of major scientific and technological projects as the starting point, break through the "last mile", remove the "fence wall" that hinders industrialization, clear the fast lane connecting applied basic research and industrialization, promote the precise docking of innovation chain and industrial chain, accelerate the transformation of scientific research achievements from samples to products and then to commodities, and fully apply scientific and technological achievements to modernization.
工程科技是推动人类进步的发动机，是产业革命、经济发展、社会进步的有力杠杆。广大工程科技工作者既要有工匠精神，又要有团结精神，围绕国家重大战略需求，瞄准经济建设和事关国家安全的重大工程科技问题，紧贴新时代社会民生现实需求和军民融合需求，加快自主创新成果转化应用，在前瞻性、战略性领域打好主动仗。
2020年9月11日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在京主持召开科学家座谈会并发表重要讲话。
第三，全面深化科技体制改革，提升创新体系效能，着力激发创新活力。创新决胜未来，改革关乎国运。科技领域是最需要不断改革的领域。2014年6月9日，我在两院院士大会讲话中强调，推进自主创新，最紧迫的是要破除体制机制障碍，最大限度解放和激发科技作为第一生产力所蕴藏的巨大潜能。围绕这些重点任务，这些年来，我们大力推进科技体制改革，科技体制改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深发展，科技体制改革主体架构已经确立，重要领域和关键环节改革取得实质性突破。
2015年8月，党中央、国务院出台《深化科技体制改革实施方案》，部署了到2020年要完成的143条改革任务，目前已完成110多条改革任务。在科技领域存在的多年来一直想解决但没有能解决的难题方面，我们都取得了实质性突破。同时，科技体制改革还存在一些有待解决的突出问题，主要是国家创新体系整体效能还不强，科技创新资源分散、重复、低效的问题还没有从根本上得到解决，“项目多、帽子多、牌子多”等现象仍较突出，科技投入的产出效益不高，科技成果转移转化、实现产业化、创造市场价值的能力不足，科研院所改革、建立健全科技和金融结合机制、创新型人才培养等领域的进展滞后于总体进展，科研人员开展原创性科技创新的积极性还没有充分激发出来，等等。
今年是我国改革开放40周年。新时代全面深化改革决心不能动摇、勇气不能减弱。科技体制改革要敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩、闯难关，破除一切制约科技创新的思想障碍和制度藩篱，正所谓“穷则变，变则通，通则久”。
要坚持科技创新和制度创新“双轮驱动”，以问题为导向，以需求为牵引，在实践载体、制度安排、政策保障、环境营造上下功夫，在创新主体、创新基础、创新资源、创新环境等方面持续用力，强化国家战略科技力量，提升国家创新体系整体效能。要优化和强化技术创新体系顶层设计，明确企业、高校、科研院所创新主体在创新链不同环节的功能定位，激发各类主体创新激情和活力。要加快转变政府科技管理职能，发挥好组织优势。
企业是创新的主体，是推动创新创造的生力军。正如恩格斯所说：“社会一旦有技术上的需要，这种需要就会比十所大学更能把科学推向前进。”要推动企业成为技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织和成果转化的主体，培育一批核心技术能力突出、集成创新能力强的创新型领军企业。要发挥市场对技术研发方向、路线选择、要素价格、各类创新要素配置的导向作用，让市场真正在创新资源配置中起决定性作用。要完善政策支持、要素投入、激励保障、服务监管等长效机制，带动新技术、新产品、新业态蓬勃发展。要加快创新成果转化应用，彻底打通关卡，破解实现技术突破、产品制造、市场模式、产业发展“一条龙”转化的瓶颈。
要高标准建设国家实验室，推动大科学计划、大科学工程、大科学中心、国际科技创新基地的统筹布局和优化。要加快建立科技咨询支撑行政决策的科技决策机制，注重发挥智库和专业研究机构作用，完善科技决策机制，提高科学决策能力。要加快构建军民融合发展体系，完善军民融合组织管理体系、工作运行体系、政策制度体系，清除“民参军”、“军转民”障碍。要加大知识产权保护执法力度，完善知识产权服务体系。
2016年5月30日，我在全国科技创新大会、两院院士大会、中国科协第九次全国代表大会上的讲话中强调，要着力改革和创新科研经费使用和管理方式，让经费为人的创造性活动服务，而不能让人的创造性活动为经费服务；要改革科技评价制度，建立以科技创新质量、贡献、绩效为导向的分类评价体系，正确评价科技创新成果的科学价值、技术价值、经济价值、社会价值、文化价值。我们接连出台了几个重要改革方案，包括《关于深化中央财政科技计划（专项、基金等）管理改革的方案》、《关于进一步完善中央财政科研项目资金管理等政策的若干意见》、《关于实行以增加知识价值为导向分配政策的若干意见》、《关于分类推进人才评价机制改革的指导意见》、《关于深化科技奖励制度改革的方案》，得到广大科技工作者热烈欢迎。大家反映，这些改革还有需要改进的地方，有的还没有完全落地，有关部门要认真听取大家意见和建议，继续坚决推进，把人的创造性活动从不合理的经费管理、人才评价等体制中解放出来。
第四，深度参与全球科技治理，贡献中国智慧，着力推动构建人类命运共同体。科学技术是世界性的、时代性的，发展科学技术必须具有全球视野。不拒众流，方为江海。自主创新是开放环境下的创新，绝不能关起门来搞，而是要聚四海之气、借八方之力。要深化国际科技交流合作，在更高起点上推进自主创新，主动布局和积极利用国际创新资源，努力构建合作共赢的伙伴关系，共同应对未来发展、粮食安全、能源安全、人类健康、气候变化等人类共同挑战，在实现自身发展的同时惠及其他更多国家和人民，推动全球范围平衡发展。
要坚持以全球视野谋划和推动科技创新，全方位加强国际科技创新合作，积极主动融入全球科技创新网络，提高国家科技计划对外开放水平，积极参与和主导国际大科学计划和工程，鼓励我国科学家发起和组织国际科技合作计划。要把“一带一路”建成创新之路，合作建设面向沿线国家的科技创新联盟和科技创新基地，为各国共同发展创造机遇和平台。要最大限度用好全球创新资源，全面提升我国在全球创新格局中的位势，提高我国在全球科技治理中的影响力和规则制定能力。
第五，牢固确立人才引领发展的战略地位，全面聚集人才，着力夯实创新发展人才基础。功以才成，业由才广。世上一切事物中人是最可宝贵的，一切创新成果都是人做出来的。硬实力、软实力，归根到底要靠人才实力。全部科技史都证明，谁拥有了一流创新人才、拥有了一流科学家，谁就能在科技创新中占据优势。当前，我国高水平创新人才仍然不足，特别是科技领军人才匮乏。人才评价制度不合理，唯论文、唯职称、唯学历的现象仍然严重，名目繁多的评审评价让科技工作者应接不暇，人才“帽子”满天飞，人才管理制度还不适应科技创新要求、不符合科技创新规律。要创新人才评价机制，建立健全以创新能力、质量、贡献为导向的科技人才评价体系，形成并实施有利于科技人才潜心研究和创新的评价制度。要注重个人评价和团队评价相结合，尊重和认可团队所有参与者的实际贡献。要完善科技奖励制度，让优秀科技创新人才得到合理回报，释放各类人才创新活力。要通过改革，改变以静态评价结果给人才贴上“永久牌”标签的做法，改变片面将论文、专利、资金数量作为人才评价标准的做法，不能让繁文缛节把科学家的手脚捆死了，不能让无穷的报表和审批把科学家的精力耽误了！
2018年4月11日至13日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在海南考察。这是4月12日下午，习近平在国家南繁科研育种基地同袁隆平院士等农业科技人员亲切交谈，了解水稻育制种产业发展和推广情况。
创新之道，唯在得人。得人之要，必广其途以储之。要营造良好创新环境，加快形成有利于人才成长的培养机制、有利于人尽其才的使用机制、有利于竞相成长各展其能的激励机制、有利于各类人才脱颖而出的竞争机制，培植好人才成长的沃土，让人才根系更加发达，一茬接一茬茁壮成长。要尊重人才成长规律，解决人才队伍结构性矛盾，构建完备的人才梯次结构，培养造就一大批具有国际水平的战略科技人才、科技领军人才、青年科技人才和创新团队。要加强人才投入，优化人才政策，营造有利于创新创业的政策环境，构建有效的引才用才机制，形成天下英才聚神州、万类霜天竞自由的创新局面！
这是习近平总书记2018年5月28日在中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会上讲话的一部分。
SOURCE/Xinhua
