Promote the digital transformation of the industrial chain with intelligent manufacturing as the main focus
In recent years, the world's manufacturing powers have been promoting the transformation of their manufacturing industries towards intelligence and automation. In 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Implementation Guidelines for Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering (2016-2020)", hoping that enterprises can bring about "two improvements and three reductions" through the implementation of intelligent manufacturing, namely: a significant increase in production efficiency, a significant increase in comprehensive resource utilization, a significant reduction in research and development cycles, a significant decrease in operating costs, and a significant decrease in product defect rates.
During the 13th Five Year Plan period, vigorously developing intelligent manufacturing has become a broad consensus in China's business community. A large number of enterprises have initially solved the problem of low production efficiency in traditional manufacturing, gradually transitioning from labor-intensive repetitive production to digital production with widespread participation of automated equipment. Firstly, it effectively alleviates the problem of labor shortage in the manufacturing industry; Secondly, it solves the "blind spots" in the production and operation process of enterprises; Thirdly, it has bridged the information silos between enterprise research and development, production, and logistics; Fourthly, it has laid a solid foundation for industrial digitization and digital industrialization. Especially during the epidemic, intelligent manufacturing has given strong vitality to a large number of enterprises, taking the lead in resuming work and production. Some enterprises have expanded their business through transformation and timely adjusted their production lines to process medical supplies such as masks and protective clothing, solving urgent practical needs.
There are also some problems in the implementation process of intelligent manufacturing. Enterprises implementing intelligent manufacturing are prone to "virtualization", overly advanced in network construction and deployment, and insufficient attention is paid to the digitization of the manufacturing process; The pace of digital transformation for a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises is still slow, and the lack of funds and technology has affected their enthusiasm; The supply level of intelligent manufacturing talents cannot meet the needs of the next large-scale digital transformation nationwide.
The outline of the 14th Five Year Plan clearly proposes to promote the upgrading of industrial foundations, modernization of industrial chains, and improve the quality, efficiency, and core competitiveness of the economy. During the 14th Five Year Plan period, achieving the improvement of quality and efficiency in the manufacturing industry, maintaining the basic stability of the proportion of manufacturing industry, and improving the modernization level of the industrial chain still rely on the key means of intelligent manufacturing.
One is to unify our understanding and strengthen intelligent manufacturing as the main focus of a manufacturing powerhouse.
Intelligent manufacturing is an important way for China's manufacturing industry to transform and upgrade, and implement high-quality development. On the one hand, through digital and networked transformation, enterprise data collection and interconnection have been achieved, improving the efficiency of enterprise production and manufacturing, and expanding new formats and models such as remote operation and customized production, enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time, enterprises have accumulated a large amount of data, which is of great significance for the development of the digital economy; On the other hand, with the continuous integration and deepening of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent manufacturing can solve traditional problems such as low product processing accuracy caused by lack of experience. Through the accumulation of data, the improvement of product processing accuracy has been achieved. At the same time, a batch of intelligent products can be produced and launched, promoting products to better meet the growing living needs of residents. During the "14th Five Year Plan" period, we should pay more attention to the role of intelligent manufacturing, pay attention to the integration of new generation information technology such as industrial Internet and artificial intelligence with manufacturing technology, take industrial Internet and artificial intelligence as the technical means to improve the efficiency of manufacturing enterprises and realize the leap of value chain, and continue to promote the development of intelligent manufacturing.
The second is to adhere to the implementation of intelligent manufacturing with manufacturing enterprises as the main body.
The manufacturing industry is the foundation of a country and the tool for revitalizing the nation. The tax rate for manufacturing enterprises is 13%, which is twice that of the financial industry and is a true major taxpayer. Only by effectively improving the operating income and profit level of the manufacturing industry can we promote the healthy development of the social economy. At the same time, the core of intelligent manufacturing lies in the deep application of new generation information technology in the manufacturing industry, which stimulates new values and growth points. During the "14th Five Year Plan" period, the implementation of intelligent manufacturing should avoid "virtualization", avoid the Internet representing everything, avoid the "new generation information technology" separated from manufacturing, provide a broad application scenario for the new generation of information technology through the manufacturing industry, and promote the new generation of information technology to solve the practical problems of the manufacturing industry.
The third is to pay attention to the intelligent manufacturing of small and medium-sized enterprises.
中小微企业贡献50%以上的税收、60%以上的GDP、70%左右的专利发明权、80%以上的城镇劳动就业，但是中小微企业在固定资产投资、技术改造往往处于不利地位，缺少资金支持、缺少技术支持，往往使中小微企业在智能制造面前望而却步。在“十四五”期间，实施智能制造要重点解决中小微企业数字化网络化转型难题，开发低成本简易化的智能装备、工业软件，只有广大中小微企业走向了数字化，才代表我国迈向智能社会。
四是要提升产业链供应链整体智能制造水平。
从智能制造的历程来看，“十三五”期间大多数企业开展了单机数字化、生产线数字化、工厂数字化和企业数字化，智能制造在企业中逐步得以推广。在“十四五”期间，实施智能制造要围绕产业链现代化，重点推动若干条重点产业链供应链实现整体智能化，提升产业链协同制造效率，要鼓励产业链中的龙头企业加大产业链供应链体系的技术渗透、网络渗透、数据渗透，龙头企业应协助产业链上中下游企业按照统一标准实施智能制造，并推动智能制造人才在产业链中有序流动。
五是高等院校要发挥更大的作用。
当前，机器人和数控机床的应用基本解决了技能人才供给不足的问题，广大企业可以通过“无人工厂”摆脱对劳动用工的依赖。但是“无人工厂”不等于“零人工厂”，企业需要的熟练机器人和数控机床操作、维修人员，以及掌握信息技术的人员大幅度增加，也就是需要更多的技术人员，这些技术人员既要懂得制造技术，也要懂得信息技术，培养这些人才必须要依赖高等院校培养的本科生研究生。“十四五”期间，实施智能制造要抓紧智能制造专业技术人才培养，鼓励高校开设智能制造相关专业，鼓励企业和高校联合制定培养方案、联合设置课程，解决未来技术人才紧缺的问题。
Information source: Economic Reference Report
