Intelligent manufacturing, networked manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing, how can traditional manufacturing undergo a magnificent transformation?

Various countries are competing to intervene in a new round of international division of labor competition, which will reshape the global manufacturing landscape and pose a severe challenge to China's "two-way squeeze" in the high-end and mid to low-end fields. China is vigorously promoting the development of intelligent manufacturing, enabling the manufacturing industry to stand at a new historical starting point of climbing hills and overcoming obstacles, and transforming from large to strong.

The level of intelligence is determined by the degree of user closeness and division of labor openness

The closer the industry is to the end user, the earlier the change will occur. The Internet extends along the industrial chain from the consumer goods industry closest to consumers to the upstream equipment, raw materials and other industries. The closer the industry is to the end user, the earlier it sprouts changes, and the more fields and links that change. Consumer goods enterprises with strong individual needs, such as mobile phones, household appliances and clothing, have taken the lead in transforming to the Internet, and representative personalized customization models, such as large-scale customization, have been widely used; Affected by changes in the production mode of consumer goods,Equipment manufacturing industryWe need to provide equipment that supports flexible manufacturing, on-demand manufacturing, etc., and the market demand for developing intelligent equipment is gradually increasing; In the upstream raw material industry, which is relatively far away from consumers, some large backbone enterprises have a high level of informatization, focusing on providing accurate supply chain services, production monitoring, energy conservation and emission reduction relying on Internet technology and networks.

The more open the links are, the closer they are integrated with the Internet. Information and communication technology is accelerating its expansion from marketing, services, and other links to research and development, manufacturing, and processing. The higher the degree of openness and interaction with users, the more obvious the integration and transformation of these links. At present, procurement, marketing and other highly open links are easier to integrate with the Internet; Subsequently, services and research and development processes with lower levels of openness, such as remote control and services, and crowdsourcing design, have also been promoted to a certain extent; The relatively closed manufacturing links are also gradually affected by the Internet in terms of production organization, implementation and manufacturing capacity integration. As the Internet penetrates each link layer by layer, it will eventually open up the whole process of production and operation and completely change the existing production paradigm.

New R&D organizational methods gather collective intelligence to improve efficiency

With the increasingly extensive application of new research and development models such as collaborative design, crowdsourcing, and virtual simulation, new channels have been opened for efficient, convenient, and low-cost technological innovation of traditional enterprises. Research and development has also become a new hot spot after marketing and integration with the Internet.

Cloud platform enables global collaboration in research and development design. In the past, due to limitations such as space and resources, the research and development design process of traditional enterprises was mainly completed within the company. Cloud platforms can provide open collaborative services for enterprises. Designers can view and utilize cloud design resources and software through a shared platform, achieving cooperation and collaborative sharing within and between enterprises, breaking geographical limitations, improving enterprise research and development efficiency, and reducing personnel travel costs.

Crowdsourcing design connects the collaboration channels between enterprises and social creativity. Crowdsourcing is a new mode to realize R&D and design by gathering global ideas and funds through the Internet. The Internet based crowdsourcing platform gathers the wisdom and creativity of scattered small and medium-sized teams and individual professionals. Demanders can use this platform to release demands, find precisely matched service providers by offering rewards and quick distribution, and improve efficiency and reduce costs by eliminating information asymmetry.

Virtual simulation technology reduces the design and development costs of enterprises. In the past, traditional production enterprises needed to produce physical products in the testing and verification process to evaluate their performance and other indicators, and the cost continued to increase with the number of tests. By utilizing virtual simulation technology, it is possible to simulate, analyze, evaluate, validate, and optimize the original R&D design process, thereby reducing the amount of engineering changes, optimizing production processes, and lowering costs and energy consumption.

Innovative manufacturing models support networked and intelligent production

Faced with personalized, diversified, and rapidly changing market demands, Chinese manufacturing enterprises are intensifying the integration and application of new generation information technology in the production execution process, gradually changing the relatively fixed production lines and systems, and striving to break down barriers between enterprises, exploring new production models such as intelligent manufacturing, networked manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing.

Intelligent manufacturing has become an important development direction for the manufacturing industry. In recent years, the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing models with functions such as deep self perception of information, intelligent optimization self decision-making, and precise control self execution has achieved efficiency improvement, quality enhancement, cost reduction, and energy conservation and emission reduction. Driven by leading manufacturing enterprises, intelligent manufacturingSmart FactoryThe implementation and application of are bringing profound changes to traditional industries. Taking Haier's intelligent interconnected factory as an example, Haier Group seamlessly connects user needs with the factory at its refrigerator factory in Shenyang. Its characteristics include the following two points: firstly, customization, which directly sends users' personalized demand information to the corresponding workstations on the internal production line. The second is visualization, with tens of thousands on the production linesensorIt can achieve dialogue and communication between products, devices, and users, and users can check the location of their refrigerators on the production line at any time. At present, a production line can support flexible mass customization of more than 500 models, with a production cycle shortened to 10 seconds per unit. It is the factory with the fastest production cycle and the widest range of models undertaken in the global refrigerator industry.

Network manufacturing fully stimulates the vitality of flat production organizations. Using the Internet platform to build a dynamic cross regional enterprise consortium has become a reality, which can not only help enterprises to effectively realize the sharing, coordination and optimal allocation of design and manufacturing resources, but also help enterprises to improve their rapid response and competitiveness. For large enterprises, networked manufacturing can make their organizational structure flatter, enabling them to gather resources in a more flexible and efficient way and enhance competitiveness; Small and medium-sized enterprises can find opportunities to cooperate with leading enterprises in the process of network collaboration, fully leveraging their own advantages.

Cloud manufacturing efficiently aggregates and configures manufacturing resources. Cloud manufacturing leverages the concept of cloud computing to establish a service platform for sharing manufacturing resources, connecting huge pools of manufacturing resources together. This enables users in the manufacturing industry to conveniently use various manufacturing services like water, electricity, and gas, helping manufacturing enterprises reduce operating costs and improve rapid response capabilities. In an ideal scenario, cloud manufacturing would integrate resources related to product development, production, sales, and usage throughout the entire lifecycle, providing standardized, regulated, and shareable services.

Cloud manufacturing includes two modes of collaboration: internal "private cloud" applications and external "public cloud" applications. Within a large conglomerate, various resources related to enterprise operations, such as design, simulation, equipment, etc., can be shared through cloud manufacturing to avoid or reduce duplicate investments. The cloud manufacturing model is also promoting the sharing of manufacturing resources among small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, a number of cloud manufacturing service platforms have emerged in China. For example, on the Tianzhiwang cloud manufacturing platform, more than 20000 enterprises in 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country can connect in real-time with online enterprises and quickly share production resources. The "Shanghai Industrial Cloud Public Service Platform" created by Baoxin Software gathers over a hundred types of manufacturing resources in fields such as automotive, civil aviation, and steel, providing enterprises with cloud design, cloud simulation, cloud manufacturing, and other services. The digital generous "industrial software cloud service platform" provides software rental, design, manufacturing and other services for more than 30000 manufacturing enterprises.

Collaborative supply chain promotes efficient and seamless integration of various links

More and more industrial enterprises have established direct connections with upstream and downstream suppliers, partners and customers through the Internet platform to gather supply information and conduct in-depth mining and analysis, which has improved the response speed, matching accuracy and allocation efficiency of the supply chain, reduced procurement costs, reduced the inventory of finished products and work in progress, and shortened the response time to customer service.

The B2B model connects the procurement needs of upstream and downstream. In traditional supply chains, the product selection range is small, the management difficulty is high, and the production line turnover efficiency is low. Through the Internet platform, manufacturing enterprises can seamlessly connect with upstream suppliers, quickly gather high-quality supplier resources in the industry, achieve efficient matching of raw material procurement at the lowest cost in the shortest time, promote enterprise procurement and supply chain management innovation, and achieve efficient and accurate distribution through collaboration of production line supply chain. The traditional material distribution process often encounters problems such as delayed delivery, material shortage, or hoarding, which can affect production plans. Enterprises utilize big data and the Internet of Things to improve the construction of intelligent information systems, coordinate and control various links such as production ratio, material distribution, and product quality, achieve systematic and procedural material distribution, reduce logistics costs and energy consumption, reduce warehousing losses, accelerate capital turnover, and improve the operational efficiency of the entire supply chain.

Ubiquitous connection on the demand side enables full process user participation

Enterprises use the Internet, mobile Internet, etc. to achieve ubiquitous connection to users, and then create a user aggregation platform, a multi social platform. Through the analysis of big data such as user behavior and social relations, enterprises accurately predict the market and carry out precision marketing; By leveraging the aggregation and interaction functions of the platform, a massive number of users can interact and connect with enterprises, making large-scale personalized customization and precise decision-making possible. The traditional single channel, closed operation, and one-way flow of enterprise user relationships have been broken, and the problems of rough demand positioning and lagging market feedback have been resolved.

Large scale personalized customization meets the long tail needs of users. Under the traditional standardized production mode, there is insufficient information exchange between enterprises and users, and the production organization within the enterprise lacks flexibility. Only homogeneous production is the most economical and reasonable choice. With the help of the Internet platform, enterprises can deeply interact with users, widely collect demand, and use big data analysis to establish production scheduling models, so that they can rely on flexible production lines to provide customers with personalized products while maintaining economies of scale.

At present, personalized customization has been started in the fields of clothing, home appliances, home appliances, etc. In the future, with the development of Internet technology and manufacturing technology, flexible large-scale personalized production lines will be gradually popularized, and on-demand production and large-scale personalized customization will become the norm.

Big data analysis supports precision marketing and decision-making. Traditional market analysis is limited to the analysis and prediction of limited samples such as sampling surveys and offline discussions, and product improvement can only collect user feedback through sales performance, resulting in certain errors or delays in the analysis results. By using massive diversified data such as user behavior, demand and market information collected through the Internet, enterprises can conduct big data modeling and analysis, achieve accurate market positioning, optimize marketing decisions and help product improvement. In the future, with the continuous accumulation of data collected through the Internet, the continuous revision of models, and the improvement of big data analysis capabilities, enterprises are expected to achieve scientific decision-making and precise control in the whole life cycle and the whole value chain.

Integrated services extend the value creation chain of enterprises

Under the increasingly fierce market competition, rising production factor costs, and convenient supply-demand integration, the proportion of manufacturing itself in the added value of industrial products is becoming lower and lower, and value-added services are gradually becoming a new focus of enterprise competition. The rapid popularization of related applications such as cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things has given rise to diversified integrated service models, driving product centered business models and accelerating the transformation towards providing comprehensive services based on products.

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文章来源：亿欧网

He Yang/Organizing and recommending