From Big to Strong, Breaking and Building, Efficient, Fair and Open Interpretation of the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Unified National Market
On April 10, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Unified National Market" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") was released. What is a unified national market? Why should a unified national market be established? How should a unified national market be established? What are the far-reaching effects of the establishment of a unified national market on China's economic and social development? What are the major benefits of the establishment of a unified national market for the development of the manufacturing industry?
1. what is a unified national market?
The national unified market refers to the basic pattern of unified rules, full competition, high openness and orderly operation of China's domestic market. It has the inherent nature of huge scale, complete structure, powerful function, flexible mechanism and environmental optimization. It can be relied on to successfully realize the economic cycle and expand reproduction at home and abroad, It has four characteristics of unity, openness, competitiveness and order.
From the literal understanding of the title of the "opinion": it is at the national level, not at the local or regional level, so it is necessary to get rid of local protectionism and regional barriers; its basic institutional rules, market facilities, elements and resource markets, and so on, are unified, rather than local or regional separate governance, layer by layer; "big" is easy to understand, the market size is super large, at the same time, we must promote the transformation of my country's market from large to strong; fourth, we must accelerate the construction of a "market", and the goal is a market economy, so that resources and elements can flow smoothly, and the market can play a decisive role in resource allocation.
Specifically, the national unified market should be based on domestic consumption and domestic demand, strengthen the strong economic strategy based on domestic demand, and do a good job in the overall market concept. It should have the following forms: important nodes such as transportation network are connected to form a national logistics network; The overall consideration of industrial layout is realized, the regional dislocation and the division of labor in the industry are more reasonable, and the complementary advantages of the industrial chain are more obvious, so as to achieve a game of national planning; data format, caliber, catalog, interface, etc. are unified to realize a national data database; Unify the national commercial system standards and management system, unify the standard implementation system in the circulation process of commercial channels, form a unified negative list of market access, mutual recognition of market testing standards and results, and implement a national chapter of approval items; People's clothing, food, housing, transportation, education, employment, medical treatment, one-card connection, one-card settlement, achieve a card for all life.
Why do 2. want to establish a unified national market?
As the "Opinions" pointed out at the beginning, "building a unified national market is an inherent requirement for building a new development pattern". The construction of a unified national market and China's double cycle development pattern has a close relationship, the "14th Five-Year Plan" put forward a new development pattern, that is, "smooth domestic cycle", "promote domestic and international double cycle", to "internal cycle-based" new development pattern.
In today's world, the scarcest resource is the market. my country has a population of 1.4 billion, of which middle-income people above 0.4 billion have formed a unique domestic market in the world and have super-large market advantages. This advantage is the foundation for China to grow into the world's largest trading body and second largest economy. It is also a strong driving force for China's high-quality economic development and a strong support for preventing systemic risks. It is particularly important in the new development period. It is fighting external risks, it can play an important role in resisting some external shocks and risks through the resilience of its own industrial chain supply chain and the volume of its own domestic market. However, the domestic large market is still "big but not strong", and there are some shortcomings, which have become the key blocking point restricting the economic cycle, so that the advantages of China's super-large market scale can not be brought into full play.
In practice, there are still some problems that hinder the construction of a unified national market. Market segmentation and local protection are more prominent, the construction of factor and resource markets is not perfect, the quality system of commodity and service markets is not perfect, and market supervision rules, standards and procedures are not unified., The role of the super-large-scale market in technological innovation and industrial upgrading is not fully played. For example, the high cost of logistics, the modern logistics system has not yet been established, the phenomenon of broken roads, increased fees and even fines across administrative regions, and the phenomenon of blocking points in the last kilometer, as well as the "unauthorized blocking or closing of highways, ordinary roads, waterway locks, and arbitrary restrictions on the passage of freight vehicles and drivers and passengers" pointed out in a document issued by the State Council's joint prevention and control mechanism in response to the new coronary pneumonia epidemic on the 11th, are not conducive to the flow, it hinders the establishment of a unified national market; for example, the consumption level in rural areas and the central and western regions is not high, and the market facilities are not perfect. Improving facilities and improving consumption capacity and consumption level are important contents of establishing a unified national market, or an important task in the future.
The Opinions emphasize the need to "further reduce market transaction costs. We will remove the institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder the market-oriented allocation of various factors of production and the circulation of goods and services, and reduce institutional transaction costs". The purpose of accelerating the construction of a unified national market is to comprehensively promote the transformation of China's market from large to strong, to provide strong support for the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic large cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycle promoting each other, and to cope with external challenges will be more resilient and more resistant to risk shocks. After the establishment of a unified market, it will give full play to the decisive role of the super-large-scale market in the allocation of resources, improve the efficiency of resource allocation, stimulate competition and innovation, and make economic development more dynamic and global competitiveness stronger. The transformation of the market from large to strong will enhance the position of the Chinese market in the global supply chain and value chain, and enhance China's core competitiveness in the international pattern.
How can 3. establish a unified national market?
The "Opinions" require that to accelerate the construction of a unified national market, we must adhere to the problem-oriented approach, "establish and break simultaneously" to break various self-small cycles and regional blockades, so that production, distribution, circulation, and consumption links can establish more smooth channels.
According to Xinhuanet, the Opinions focus on strengthening the unification of basic market systems and rules, promoting the high-standard interconnection of market facilities, creating a unified factor and resource market, promoting the high-level unification of commodity and service markets, promoting the fairness and unification of market supervision, and further regulating improper markets. The six aspects of competition and market intervention clarify key tasks, aiming to continue to promote the efficient and smooth flow of the domestic market and scale expansion, accelerate the creation of a stable, fair, transparent and predictable business environment. The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission pointed out that from the perspective of breaking, it is necessary to further regulate improper market competition and market intervention. The Opinions focus on strengthening anti-monopoly, investigating and punishing acts of unfair competition in accordance with the law, breaking down local protection and regional barriers, cleaning up and abolishing regulations and practices that hinder equal access and exit in accordance with the law, and continuously cleaning up regulations and practices that violate the construction of a unified market in the field of bidding and procurement. The five aspects have made clear arrangements, aiming to break various explicit and implicit barriers that restrict the construction of a unified national market. From the perspective of establishment, we should do a good job in the "five unifications". First, we should strengthen the unification of market basic system rules, promote the improvement of a unified property rights protection system, implement a unified market access system, maintain a unified fair competition system, and improve a unified social credit system; second, we should promote the high standard connectivity of market facilities, and focus on improving the efficiency of market operation by upgrading circulation network, unblocking information interaction and enriching platform functions; the third is to create a unified factor and resource market, and promote the establishment and improvement of a unified land and labor market, capital market, technology and data market, energy market, and ecological environment market; the fourth is to promote the high-level unification of commodity and service markets, focusing on the areas of concern of the people and market subjects, and strive to improve the quality and standard system; the fifth is to promote the fair and unified market supervision, to enhance the stability and predictability of supervision as a guarantee, focus on improving regulatory effectiveness.
What far-reaching impact will the establishment of a unified national market in 4. bring to the future development of China's economy?
The "opinion" clearly points out that we should speed up the establishment of a unified national market system and rules, break local protection and market segmentation, break through the key blocking points restricting the economic cycle, and promote the smooth flow of commodity elements and resources on a larger scale. we will speed up the construction of a unified national market with high efficiency, standardization, fair competition, and full openness, and comprehensively promote the transformation of China's market from large to strong, to provide strong support for building a high-standard market system and a high-level socialist market economic system. The establishment of a unified national market will have a far-reaching historical impact on the future development of my country's economy from the following aspects:
First, the national unified market can provide directional guidance for the flow of various resource elements. By unifying market access standards, all elements can compete and distribute fairly in the market, break down various institutional and institutional barriers that hinder the free flow of production factors, improve the efficiency of resource operation, and provide directional guidance for the flow of various resource elements.Taking the coordinated development of urban and rural areas as an example, the resource elements between urban and rural areas have formed a one-way flow in the past, and the urban siphon effect is obvious. Like a water pump, it has absorbed rural talents and funds into the city, and has not formed a good return mechanism. In the future, China needs to reform the system and mechanism to bridge the urban-rural dual gap and promote the development of new urbanization, for example, the household registration system, land system, social security system, etc., and these problems will be alleviated with the construction of a unified national market.
Second, it helps to reduce transaction costs and mitigate factor allocation distortions.
The establishment of a unified large market is an inherent requirement for high-quality economic development. With the end of industrialization and the opening of the urbanization period, the source of restricting the improvement of economic growth efficiency has changed from the demand for factors in the industrialization period to the rational and optimal allocation of factors in the high-quality development stage; Establish a unified national market to solve various institutional barriers and circulation barriers in the circulation of factor markets, improve the efficiency of factor allocation, and enable various factors to be allocated in the highest value, reducing transaction costs and alleviating factor allocation distortions is of great significance for stimulating innovation efficiency, tapping potential demand and improving total factor productivity; it also helps to unblock large domestic circulation points, accelerate the circulation and circulation of products and factors, and escort the new development pattern. For example, for the traditional manufacturing industry, the capital market should increase support in supporting its digital transformation, industrialization and digital integration, intelligent manufacturing, etc., to help the traditional industry with digital, intelligent means to achieve the second growth curve to take off. For new technology industries such as specialization and new categories, the capital market should moderately relax the listing conditions of enterprises such as specialization, refinement, specialization and novelty, and support the relevant sectors of qualified leading enterprises to achieve the specialization and refinement of leading companies through spin-off and classified listing.
Third, accelerate the unification of the data element market and lay the foundation for open data sharing.
"Accelerate the cultivation of a unified technology and data market" mentioned in the "Opinions". At present, it is a critical period for the development of big data. A unified data element market can lay the foundation for open data sharing. Through the effective integration of data resources such as government departments, enterprises and individuals, data can be better flowed and applied, and the value of data resources can be further enhanced, so as to promote the development of digital economy and build a new development pattern, Promote the interconnection between domestic market and international market; with the advancement of the big data industry and the standardization of big data, the level of corporate data governance will be further improved. By unifying the needs of the big market, data elements will be more effectively allocated, and orderly flow and reasonable agglomeration will be carried out on a larger scale. This will promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, improve the modernization level of the industrial chain supply chain, and facilitate the continuous emergence of new technologies, new formats, and new industries.
Fourth, to achieve multi-sectoral information sharing to improve market efficiency.
The "Opinions" focus on medium and long-term planning, and make important deployments in strategic emerging industries and traditional factor markets, involving multiple fields, such as new energy, traditional infrastructure, big data, logistics, and energy storage industries. In the face of the complex situation of the global economic slowdown and the post-epidemic era, market efficiency can be greatly improved through unified rules and standards, and the establishment of a unified national market is conducive to the further smooth flow of the domestic cycle, enhance domestic demand, promote further economic development, and efficiently promote the high-quality development of China's social economy.
Fifth, realize the effective combination of advantages and deal with the uncertainty brought about by the external environment.
The "Opinions" focus on the long-term, healthy and sustainable development of China's economy, and are committed to building a long-term mechanism and forming a programmatic and directional issue of long-term influence. In the face of the background of the century epidemic, the superimposed evolution of the century-old changes and the complexity of the game of great powers, the uncertainty of economic development has been further enhanced, and the construction of a unified national market will further smooth the internal circulation system, effectively combine China's super-large-scale market advantages and supply chain resilience advantages, and cope with the uncertainty brought about by the external environment. This can not only force industrial upgrading, but also enable the construction of a super-large-scale domestic market to achieve sustainable development. In the process of building a unified national market, the new digital infrastructure can bring about the interconnection of infrastructure, which can effectively promote the integration, complementarity and coordination of regional division of labor. In addition, digital technology can effectively drive value creation and value innovation at the micro level for the improvement of quality and efficiency and production empowerment of micro-enterprise entities.
What are the major benefits of the establishment of a unified national market in 5. for the development of the industry?
The Opinions clearly put forward a series of measures related to market basic rules and infrastructure, strengthening the reform of the factor resource market and the commodity service market, which will help improve the market mechanism, better play the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and help the manufacturing industry Strengthen the chain to supplement the chain, help emerging industries and small and medium-sized enterprises to overcome regional restrictions, and better use the unified market to gather resources, promote growth, stimulate innovation, optimize division of labor, and promote competition, thus making it bigger and stronger.
The Opinions clearly call for the construction of a unified national energy, data and technology market. A unified national energy, data and technology market is conducive to promoting the opening and sharing of major scientific research infrastructure and instruments and equipment, to industrializing new energy and digitization, and to making up for shortcomings in the middle and upper reaches of the manufacturing industry. information sharing is conducive to opening up the blocking points of production, distribution, circulation and consumption. The improvement of the current energy pricing mechanism will provide more hedging tools for industrial enterprises and help the acceleration of new energy and intelligence in the industry.
The construction of a unified domestic market is bound to contribute to the domestic cycle, and an important part of the realization of the domestic cycle is to realize the independent control of the manufacturing industry. The development of various industries must be based on the support of the machinery manufacturing industry and the equipment it provides.
Here to the machine tool industry, for example, the machine tool is also known as the mother of industry, manufacturing machines. The upstream of the machine tool industry includes the steel and foundry industries, while the downstream affects the automobile, railway, wind power, nuclear power, shipbuilding, air transportation and the military industry related to national defense. Machine tool deeply affects the various industries in our country, is the top priority of the manufacturing industry. At present, China's machine tool industry enterprises mainly position in the low-end market, exports are still dominated by low-end machine tools, high-end CNC machine tools localization rate still has a large gap. The numerical control machine tool is related to the national strategic position and the national comprehensive national interests. The manufacturing level and quantity of numerical control machine tools are important indicators to measure the degree of national industrial modernization. Therefore, to speed up the construction of a unified national market, the foundation is to realize the independent control of the manufacturing industry, especially the high-end equipment manufacturing industry. In this context, machine tools, especially CNC machine tools, ushered in new development opportunities.
