Interpretation of the Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Quality Improvement of Manufacturing Products and Services
On August 29, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Quality Improvement of Manufacturing Products and Services (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Section 〔2019No. 188, hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Opinions"). The relevant contents of the Implementation Opinions are hereby interpreted as follows:
Background of 1. Implementation Opinions
The manufacturing industry is the main body of the national economy. Building an internationally competitive manufacturing industry is the only way for my country to enhance its comprehensive national strength, ensure national security, and build a world power. Quality represents the degree to which supply meets demand, is related to the quality and efficiency of supply-side development, and affects the sense of acquisition, happiness and security on the demand side. Improving the quality of products and services is the basis for the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry and the lifeline of building a manufacturing power. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that in order to build a modern economic system, we must focus on the real economy, improve the quality of the supply system as the main direction, and significantly enhance the quality advantage of China's economy. The Central Economic Work Conference listed "striving to meet the final demand and improving product quality" as a key task in 2019, highlighting the importance and urgency of quality improvement.
In the 70 years since the founding of New China, especially in the more than 40 years of reform and opening up, my country's manufacturing industry has continued to develop rapidly, built a complete, independent and complete industrial system, and became the world's largest manufacturing country. However, the overall quality level of the manufacturing industry is still not high, and there is still a gap compared with the task of satisfying the people's better life and creating competitive quality advantages in international industries. To implement the requirements of high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, we must adhere to quality first, benefit first, strengthen quality brand building, and promote manufacturing quality changes, efficiency changes, and power changes.
The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to quality work. In 2017, the "Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Carrying out Quality Improvement Actions" were issued to make comprehensive arrangements for quality improvement actions. The 2019 government work report proposes to "promote the docking of standards with the international advanced level, improve the quality of products and services, and let more domestic and foreign users choose made in China and Chinese services". The 2019 National Industry and Information Work Conference also clearly put forward the task of vigorously promoting quality improvement.
The "Implementation Opinions" are important measures to implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, promote quality changes, improve the quality of supply, and promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. It is an important measure to accelerate the improvement of the quality of manufacturing products and services in response to outstanding problems in the quality of the manufacturing industry. Measures and arrangements. The promulgation of the "implementation opinions" is conducive to promoting all relevant parties to grasp the new situation and new requirements of quality work, unify their thinking, enhance their understanding, and enhance their joint efforts. It is conducive to the competent departments of industry and information technology at all levels to strengthen quality work, strengthen policy guidance and support, work with all sectors of society to promote the implementation of quality responsibility, enhance the power of quality improvement, optimize the quality development environment, and accelerate the quality improvement of key industries. It is conducive to enhancing the competitive advantage of Chinese manufacturing quality, promoting the transformation of Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation, the transformation of Chinese speed to Chinese quality, and the transformation of Chinese products to Chinese brands.
2. general idea
The "overall requirements" part of the "implementation opinions" puts forward the guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives.
In the "guiding ideology", it is emphasized that we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee, firmly establish a new development concept, and adhere to the supply side. Structural reforms are the main line, with the goal of improving the quality and efficiency of manufacturing, and promoting the quality of manufacturing products and services. In view of the more prominent problems affecting quality improvement, such as the weakening of enterprise quality awareness, low cost of quality default, high quality and price environment to be improved, and insufficient motivation for enterprise quality improvement, it is proposed to implement the main responsibility of enterprise quality, enhance the power of quality improvement, optimize the quality development environment and cultivate new competitive advantages of manufacturing industry as the central task of quality improvement action in the future.
In the "basic principles", it is proposed to adhere to the "four combinations".First, adhere to the combination of quality improvement and meet demand.Based on the viewpoint of applicability quality, it is emphasized that quality improvement should serve to enhance industrial competitiveness and meet the needs of the people.The second is to adhere to the combination of the main body of the enterprise and the creation of the environment.It is emphasized that quality improvement is the unity of micro and macro, which should not only adhere to the main body of enterprises, but also give full play to the joint role of the government and all sectors of society.Third, adhere to the combination of technological innovation and management innovation.Emphasize the two-wheel drive of technology and management, and promote quality improvement through management innovation and technological innovation.Fourth, adhere to the combination of comprehensive promotion and separate policies.Emphasize the combination of point and surface, while promoting the overall quality of the manufacturing industry, focus on the short board of industrial quality, precise policy, to achieve key breakthroughs.
In the "main objectives", the key task direction of "by 2022, the overall quality level of the manufacturing industry will be significantly improved, the quality basic support capacity will be significantly improved, the quality development environment will be continuously optimized, and the industry quality work system will be more efficient. At the same time, it is clear that in order to improve quality and brand competitiveness, "build a number of national standards, industry standards and group standards to coordinate and support the standard group to lead the improvement of industry quality, promote the establishment of quality classification mechanism in no less than 10 industries or fields, and improve the quality traceability mechanism of key products throughout the life cycle" and other quality work objectives.
3. Key Initiatives
The "Implementation Opinions" follow the scientific laws of quality improvement, from internal to external causes, from enterprises to industries, focusing on four aspects: implementing the main responsibility of corporate quality, enhancing the power of quality improvement, optimizing the quality development environment, and accelerating the quality improvement of key industries. Thirteen action measures.
(I) implement the main responsibility of enterprise quality
Enterprises are the main body to fulfill the quality responsibility according to law. Enterprises should implement the legal responsibility for quality in the whole process of production and operation and the whole life cycle of products, enhance the ability to fulfill the quality responsibility, and continuously improve the quality. On the basis of emphasizing the statutory requirements of the product quality law and other relevant laws and regulations on enterprises, the implementation opinions further put forward:
First, it is necessary to improve the ability of quality and safety risk prevention and control.To enhance the quality and safety risk awareness, the implementation of major quality accident reporting and emergency treatment system.The second is to implement the quality responsibility traceability system.Establish and improve the quality traceability mechanism of the whole life cycle of products, improve the quality traceability means and content, and strengthen the linkage with the recall of defective products.The third is to strengthen supply chain quality management.Establish and improve the second party quality audit system to improve the quality level of the supply chain.Four is to strengthen the quality of information disclosure.Take the initiative to provide products and service quality self-declaration, accept social supervision.The fifth is to promote the construction of quality culture.Encourage enterprises to set up a chief quality officer, carry forward the quality first business philosophy, improve the quality awareness of the whole staff.
Quality traceability mechanism is an important guarantee for the implementation of quality responsibility. Guide enterprises to use the Internet of things and other new generation information technology to establish and improve the quality traceability mechanism, realize the comprehensive, accurate and efficient transmission of quality information, help to decompose and implement quality responsibility, quickly locate and solve quality problems, so as to promote the supply side to improve quality and enhance demand side consumer confidence.
Supply chain quality management is an important link to play the role of market players to promote quality improvement. The survey shows that about 80% of the quality problems of some equipment products come from purchased parts. It is necessary to guide the backbone enterprises to audit and supervise the quality, technology, process, equipment and personnel factors of important suppliers, as well as guide improvement, and build a win-win supplier management model.
(II) to enhance the quality of power
With the rapid development of economy and society, enterprises only provide products and services that meet the bottom line of quality and safety, which can not meet the needs of people's better life, and it is difficult to obtain quality competitive advantage. It is necessary to give full play to the comprehensive role of standard driving, technical support and brand promotion, guide enterprises to pursue competitive quality and cultivate attractive brands.
One is to promote quality through standards.Improve the synergy and compatibility of upstream and downstream industrial standards, and encourage enterprises and social groups to formulate standards that meet multi-level market needs and innovation needs. Support innovative, advanced and international group standard application demonstration. Actively benchmarking with the international advanced level to promote the high-quality development of the industry.The second is to support quality improvement through technological upgrading.Encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new methods, and new processes to enrich product categories and improve product quality design and process control capabilities. Support enterprises to establish a whole-process quality control system based on digitalization, networking and intelligence, and enhance the efficiency and effect of quality improvement.The third is to promote quality improvement by cultivating brands.Promote enterprises to establish a brand development strategy with quality as its connotation, implement brand cultivation management system standards, and enhance brand cultivation capabilities. Promote the construction of regional brands in industrial clusters, and promote enterprises and industries to leap from "qualified quality" to the pursuit of "customer satisfaction.
Standards are the cornerstone of quality improvement. Promoting the construction of a group of national standards, industry standards and group standards is an important means to promote quality improvement. Through the formulation and promulgation of advanced standards, the quality of products will be improved and the industry will move towards the middle and high end. Through strict implementation of standards, quality "hard constraints" are formed, quality "soft power" is enhanced, traditional industries are forced to upgrade, and the development of emerging industries is led.
(III) Optimize Quality Development Environment
Quality improvement is a systematic project, which is not only the integration of factors such as technological innovation, management innovation, resource allocation and labor quality, but also a comprehensive reflection of the legal environment, business environment, and integrity system construction. Promoting quality improvement also requires the government and social organizations to play an active role in policy guidance, supervision and management, public services, and quality infrastructure construction, and jointly create a good atmosphere for enterprises to pursue high quality and society to advocate high quality.
One is to promote the improvement of the quality classification system.Industry associations and professional institutions are encouraged to promote quality grading evaluation in an open and fair manner, and to make complex quality information explicit through professional judgment, so as to provide technical guarantee for improving the market mechanism of high quality and high price.二是加强质量诚信体系建设。建立消费者投诉、产品召回等信息共享机制。引导行业对共性质量问题进行警示和改进，合力构建公平、公正、开放、有序，以质量诚信为基础的市场竞争环境。三是增强质量基础能力。发挥各类产业技术基础公共服务平台作用，加大面向中小微企业的质量和品牌服务供给。四是加快发展生产性服务业。引导相关生产性服务业拓展领域、增强能力，加强国际交流与合作，为行业和企业提供高水平的专业化服务。
质量分级是利用技术标准和技术方法，对产品质量以及质量形成全过程中的因素进行识别判定的活动。质量分级有助于将高质量产品的价值显性化，为优质优价机制提供技术支撑。对工业类产品开展专业化质量分级评价有利于引导下游企业根据质量敏感程度分类采购。对消费类产品的质量分级评价有利于商业渠道、电商平台和媒体机构等采信评价结果，引导科学消费。
（四）加快重点产业质量提升
质量提升是产业结构优化、供给侧结构性改革的中心任务。不同行业的质量状况不同，存在的质量短板和瓶颈也不同，需要聚焦行业质量突出问题，精准施策，重点突破。
对于原材料工业，以提高产品质量的稳定性、一致性和耐久性为基础，增加高性能、功能性、差别化产品的有效供给，推广清洁高效生产工艺，加快传统产业转型升级和高端材料创新，淘汰低质量产能，支持稀土等新材料及高端应用产业发展，提高供给质量。
对于装备制造业，以提高产品质量可靠性和稳定性为基础，实施强基工程着力解决基础零部件、电子元器件、工业软件等领域的薄弱环节，发展智能制造，推行绿色制造，提高生产过程的自动化、智能化水平，降低能耗、物耗和水耗，推动重点领域提升质量竞争力。
对于消费品工业，以满足高质量、差异化消费需求为基础，制定发布升级和创新消费品指南，发展个性化定制，推动产品供给向“产品+服务”转变，促进消费升级。加强重点产品与国外产品质量及性能实物对比，加快提高关键领域质量安全水平，让消费者放心。
对于信息技术产业，以推动产业迈向中高端为导向，加强集成电路、信息光电子、智能传感器、印刷及柔性显示等创新中心建设，加快发展5G和物联网相关产业，加强工业互联网新型基础设施建设，发展超高清视频产业，规范对智能终端应用程序的管理，改善产品和服务的用户体验，引导信息消费升级。
4、 Guarantee measures
《实施意见》从组织落实、人才培养、宣传引导等三个方面提出了保障措施。
在组织落实方面，强调要坚持企业主体、政府引导、社会共治的原则，加强部门协同。地方工业和信息化主管部门要结合实际制定本地区促进质量提升的相关配套政策和激励措施，加大质量品牌工作投入，加强质量品牌工作队伍建设。行业协会要深入推进群众性质量活动，建立本行业先进质量品牌管理经验的长效宣传推广机制。
在加快人才培养方面，强调要推进质量和品牌相关专业学科和课程建设，加强专业技能和质量品牌人才培训，提高行业质量意识和专业素质水平。加快培养首席质量官、首席品牌官和品牌经理等管理人员，满足企业质量提升的人才需求。鼓励企业提升员工质量素质，培养知识型、技能型、创新型的质量骨干和技术能手。
在加强宣传引导方面，强调要加强质量和品牌宣传的总体策划和系统推进，建立相关信息采集汇总和媒体协同宣传的工作机制。引导企业和产业集群追求卓越，关注绿色低碳、可持续发展、消费友好等新需求。结合质量标杆、单项冠军、专精特新等工作深入挖掘宣传质量提升的突出成效和典型经验。结合中国品牌日、质量月、世界标准日等活动加强宣传动员。结合中国工业品牌之旅、品牌故事大赛、品牌创新成果发布等活动扩大传播效果。研究提炼中国制造的优秀精神内涵和文化特质，展示中国品牌魅力，树立中国制造新形象。
信息来源：科技司
