Interpretation of the Action Plan for the Development of Intelligent Ships (2019-2021)
Intelligent ships integrate new technologies such as modern information technology and artificial intelligence, and have significant characteristics such as safety, reliability, energy conservation, environmental protection, and economic efficiency. They are a key direction for the future development of ships. In order to thoroughly implement the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on building a strong manufacturing country, a strong maritime country, and a strong transportation country, seize development opportunities, promote the supply side structural reform of the shipbuilding industry, enhance the core competitiveness of the shipbuilding industry, and achieve high-quality development of China's shipbuilding industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with the Ministry of Transport and the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, has formulated and issued the "Action Plan for the Development of Intelligent Ships"（2019-2021(hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"). The interpretation of the relevant content of the Action Plan is as follows:
Q: What is the background for the development of the Action Plan?
Answer: In recent years, intelligent ships have become a new hotspot in the international maritime industry. International Maritime Organization（IMO）Making intelligent ships an important topic and conducting relevant regulatory research; International Organization for Standardization（ISO）Launched the "Intelligent Shipping Standardization Roadmap" project; Major international classification societies have successively issued regulations or guidance documents on intelligent ships; Major shipbuilding countries such as Japan, South Korea, and the European Union are vigorously promoting the development and application of intelligent ships. However, overall, global intelligent ships are still in the early stages of exploration and development. The definition, classification, and classification of intelligent ships have not yet reached a consensus, and research on relevant international maritime conventions and regulations has just begun. Core technologies such as intelligent perception have not yet broken through, and the standard system, testing, and verification system for intelligent ships have not been established. The engineering application of intelligent technology is very limited. China's shipbuilding and shipping industries have made beneficial explorations in the field of intelligent ships, and relevant scientific research has made positive progress. The engineering application of intelligent technology has shown initial results, and has formed a certain technological accumulation and industrial foundation, basically keeping pace with the international advanced level. To accelerate the top-level forward-looking layout of intelligent ship development, strengthen cross-border integration and innovation, promote the transformation and upgrading of the shipbuilding industry and high-quality development, this Action Plan is formulated.
Q: What is the overall consideration for the preparation of the Action Plan?
答：《行动计划》着重加强对行业发展的引导，突出智能船舶发展重点领域和关键环节，充分利用相关行业的基础和科研成果，促进协同创新，形成发展合力。总体考虑如下：
一是系统谋划。准确把握智能船舶技术发展趋势，加强顶层设计，注重体系化布局，有机衔接当前急需与长远发展，系统提升船舶智能化水平。
二是重点突破。以重点项目为牵引，加强关键共性技术和重点系统设备研发，加快成熟智能技术工程化应用，补齐技术链与产业链短板。
三是分类推进。根据远洋运输船舶、沿海运输船舶、内河运输船舶、工程船舶、公务船舶等各类船舶特点，制定有针对性的智能化发展策略，推动各类智能船舶有序发展。
四是跨界融合。加强产学研用结合，深化军民融合，拓展国际合作，促进产业链上下游、行业内外跨界联动，共同开展智能船舶探索与实践。
问：《行动计划》制定的过程是怎样的？
答：年初启动编制工作以来，先后组织赴造船和航运重点企业、科研院所进行实地调研，并到上海智能网联汽车试点示范区进行现场考察学习。期间，多次组织召开智能船舶技术发展专题研讨会，造船、航运、信息技术等领域专家咨询会。在深入调研的基础上，起草形成了《行动计划》征求意见稿，广泛征求了相关部委，地方船舶工业行业主管部门，行业组织，造船、航运相关中央企业的意见，并组织中国智能船舶创新联盟专家咨询委、高技术船舶专家咨询委进行了专题论证。根据论证意见，对文稿进行了修改完善。
问：《行动计划》提出的指导思想和基本原则是什么？
答：《行动计划》的指导思想是以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中全会精神，坚持新发展理念，牢牢把握高质量发展要求，紧密围绕加快建设制造强国、海洋强国和交通强国的战略目标，以现代信息技术和新一代人工智能技术与船舶技术跨界融合为主线，以提升船舶安全性、经济性、环保性和高效性为核心，以加快船舶智能技术工程化应用为重点，大力推动协同创新，积极探索产业新业态和新模式，支撑我国智能航运建设，促进我国船舶工业高质量发展。
《行动计划》提出了四项基本原则：一是系统布局，谋划长远；二是创新驱动，重点突破；三是分类实施，梯次推进；四是协同发展，跨界融合。
问：《行动计划》提出的主要目标是什么？
答：《行动计划》提出的主要目标是：经过三年努力，形成我国智能船舶发展顶层规划，初步建立智能船舶规范标准体系，突破航行态势智能感知、自动靠离泊等核心技术，完成相关重点智能设备系统研制，实现远程遥控、自主航行等功能的典型场景试点示范，扩大典型智能船舶“一个平台+N个智能应用”的示范推广，初步形成智能船舶虚实结合、岸海一体的综合测试与验证能力，保持我国智能船舶发展与世界先进水平同步。
问：《行动计划》确定了哪些重点任务和保障措施？
答：《行动计划》提出了九项重点任务：一是全面强化顶层设计；二是突破关键智能技术；三是推动船用设备智能化升级；四是提升网络和信息安全防护能力；五是加强测试与验证能力建设；六是健全规范标准体系；七是推动工程应用试点示范；八是打造协同发展生态体系；九是促进军民深度融合。并设立了6个专栏，对相关任务进行了分解。
为保障各项任务落实，提出了五方面措施：一是加强组织实施；二是完善激励政策；三是推进跨界融合；四是加快人才培养；五是加强国际合作。
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