Regarding artificial intelligence, enterprise managers need to know these ten points
Artificial intelligence is no longer just a buzzword, but has gradually become a deeply rooted trend, moving towards the mainstream and entering the industrialization stage. The global competition in artificial intelligence has already begun, with the United States currently in a leading position, China developing rapidly, and Europe issuing relevant strategic plans last year.
In the foreseeable future, artificial intelligence will not replace humans, but will require more human judgment and guidance. The era of artificial intelligence requires human leadership and excellent corporate strategy more than ever before. From the perspective of enterprises, Roland Berger recently released a report stating that companies must be prepared now.
Global distribution of artificial intelligence startups in 2018
The number of startups in various countries and regions
1
Artificial intelligence requires strong human management
Although artificial intelligence systems will take on more and more analytical work and other businesses, only humans will have management capabilities in the foreseeable future. In an environment filled with intelligent machines, human guidance will be needed more than ever before.
In future enterprises, managers will need strong interpersonal skills, a sense of responsibility, and a strong moral foundation. They will also need to understand how to use machines as consultants, how to use machines to serve the interests of the enterprise, and how to oppose the advice provided by machines when necessary. Therefore, it is crucial to control the quality of data input into artificial intelligence and ask the correct questions to it. Without the right questions, there can be no correct answers, and the role of artificial intelligence cannot be fully realized.
2
In the era of artificial intelligence, enterprise strategy determines success or failure
Affected by social, political, cultural, environmental and other factors, the complexity of the market is extremely high, and artificial intelligence cannot rely on simple data processing to determine the "correct" measures to be taken next. Making bold strategic decisions in complex situations requires intuition, and in the future, this ability will become even more important.
Because in a market where everyone can use machines and algorithms to conduct in-depth analysis, strategy can help businesses stand out. Human thinking is crucial, including a multitude of diverse perspectives, collective intelligence, and the comprehensive abilities of the human brain. People need to transform strategic development, requiring faster speed, greater flexibility, and a better understanding of the organization.
3
In the short term, AI will further strengthen the dominance of Internet giants and platforms
Digitalization has promoted the rise of Google and other Internet giants and platforms. Currently, many use cases of artificial intelligence still rely on relatively simple onesdeep learningTechnology involves inputting a large amount of images, text, or sound into machines to recognize patterns. Data is the lifeline of these technologies, and the more data, the better. Ultimately, artificial intelligence will drive a few global digital enterprises to take a dominant position in various industries.
Consumers will be in a dilemma, as they benefit from the efficiency of the platform but lack different options provided by different businesses. Meanwhile, dominant platforms can collect an increasing amount of personal information. The oligopoly formed by a few digital enterprises also brings more risks.
4
Portable artificial intelligence will reduce the importance of platforms such as Google
New AI solutions and technologies may have a disruptive impact on today's Internet giants. These new types of personal assistants will adopt new protocols and peer-to-peer technology, making mass-produced products more intuitive, cheaper, able to provide highly personalized advice, and able to protect privacy for consumers.
Portable artificial intelligence will re empower consumers and help traditional businesses regain direct contact with them. In the world of portable artificial intelligence, your device is your 'platform', and the platform no longer has a competitive advantage. A large number of various artificial intelligence solution providers will emerge to compete for the development of optimal algorithms and ensure that their devices provide the best solutions to meet consumer needs.
5
Artificial intelligence establishes a value network, eliminating the need for enterprises to go it alone
利用人工智能，消费者及其行为越透明、可预测，在整个消费领域确定目标客户的机会就越大：吸烟或喜欢极限运动的人可能会对定制化健康保险计划感兴趣，社交生活较少的独居者更愿意接受电视节目订阅与送餐服务。企业应互相合作，通过构建合作网络来确定目标客户。
对企业来说，进行劳动分工与专注核心能力会提高效率。这些企业可以更加精益与锐意专注，持续为潜在人工智能系统提供客户数据，供所有合作伙伴使用。在企业网络中，数据共享将变得尤为重要：单一企业无法把握作为开发人工智能应用基础的商业环境“大局”，但网络可以在新平台上收集数据。在人工智能支持的企业网络中，企业可以显著降低交易成本。
6
人工智能提高系统性风险
人工智能给金融体系带来了不确定性和新的挑战。银行和保险公司最近才开始使用人工智能，而其竞争对手已经在取得进展。在此背景下，银行和保险公司面临的是系统相关的寡头垄断。问题是，如何监管这些竞争对手。同时，人工智能正在促进细分市场领域的专业化，从而使无数类似不受监管的小公司出现，这些公司提供非常具体的解决方案。这一切使市场变得非常复杂。
如今，市场上有数百万的参与者和至少数百万的战略和决策模式。随着算法越来越多地被用于管理资产分配和交易，将来，由于只有少数几家人工智能提供商，也只有少数几种“最佳”算法可以最终参与股票交易。如果这些算法做出完全相同的反应，这反过来可能会引发极端的市场波动，或甚至崩盘。
7
企业承担人工智能算法“合谋”违规违法的责任
算法制定价格的方式会愈发不透明。在一套完全由人工智能制定价格的系统中，消费者无法进行比价或了解价格的详细信息。这就为故意的违法违规与价格操纵行为创造了机会。
谁来承担算法“合谋”违规违法的责任？如果无法证明算法“合谋”，该怎么处理？反垄断机构可能在没有证据的情况下，仅因价格反常上涨就对企业进行罚款，将举证的责任转移到企业身上。企业将不得不自证算法没有“合谋”违规违法行为。
8
人类将与人工智能携手进行创新
我们期待人工智能如何影响创新？第一，人工智能将有力地加速创新流程。人工智能可准确预测现实世界的试验结果，从而显著加速新产品与解决方案（如新药）的发明。第二，人工智能应用可能改变创新流程的本质，从而将创新流程提升到新的水平。
人工智能本身非常具有创造性，但并不是在孤立的情况下，而是仍需人类来挖掘人工智能的全部潜力。我们需要提供信息与指导，控制流程，评估结果并从中得出正确的结论。人类仍是创新的主宰。
9
管理者将对人工智能的错误负责
人类，如企业的管理者，将承担所有企业活动的最终责任，其中也包括受人工智能影响、由人工智能准备或推动的活动。这给管理者带来了相当大的风险，因为未来的算法将以一种不透明的方式进行自我学习和自我改进。人工智能必须建立问责制，也要考虑到人工智能对客户关系的影响。
人们对用非定制化的黑匣子来决定生活的方方面面一事感到顾虑重重。很多人都想了解算法的逻辑，至少是原理。如果人们认为受到了不公平待遇，可能会出现无数的法律纠纷。在此问题上，企业与客户的利益是一致的，而且可能会出现一种新的信任关系，企业的名称、品牌将保证安全与公平。
10
必须找到数据隐私的新平衡
人工智能将挑战我们现有的、以用户同意为基础的隐私规则。人工智能可以发现数据之间意想不到的关系，识别出全新的联系。在我们拥有便携式人工智能之前，对个人数据的使用将变得更加难以控制。同时，数据收集将更加普遍。因此，保护数据与人工智能的发展之间必须达到一种平衡状态。
有效而公平的隐私保护能够协调公民利益与经济利益，可以为客户提供大量创新而安全的产品与解决方案，同时为公民赋予个人数据的所有权。这一点至关重要：未来，人工智能应用成功的条件是数据保护条例能够合理、有效地捍卫数据主权，而不是用于把数据限制得越来越少。
Article source: Electronic Enthusiast Network
He Yang/Organizing and Editing
