Accelerate the cultivation of characteristic industrial clusters for small and medium-sized enterprises
Connecting small and medium-sized enterprises with thousands of households is an important force in promoting innovation, employment, and improving people's livelihoods. Small and medium-sized enterprise industrial clusters located in counties are an important component of regional economy and are crucial for promoting high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Interim Measures for Promoting the Development of Small and Medium sized Enterprise Characteristic Industrial Clusters" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), which clarifies the cultivation direction and recognition standards of small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic industrial clusters, and proposes to recognize about 200 clusters nationwide during the "14th Five Year Plan" period, guiding and supporting local governments to cultivate a number of provincial-level clusters.
What are the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic industrial clusters? How to focus on supporting and nurturing? Regarding these issues, the reporter interviewed relevant officials from the Small and Medium sized Enterprise Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Why is it positioned as a 'county'
Presenting a development trend of "one county, one industry", county-level industrial clusters have become the backbone of industrial development
According to the Measures, the characteristic industrial cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises is an industrial cluster located within the county-level area, with small and medium-sized enterprises as the main body and strong core competitiveness. Why should clusters be positioned at the county level?
County economy is the fundamental unit of China's national economy. According to statistics, China's county economy GDP accounts for nearly 40% of the country's total, and the number of county registered residence exceeds 60% of the country's total population.
Since the release of the "Guiding Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of Industrial Clusters" by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2015, various regions have introduced special policies tailored to local conditions, focusing on characteristic industrial clusters, county-level industrial concentration areas, and block economies, presenting a development trend of "one county, one industry". Data shows that nearly 30% of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giant" enterprises are distributed in county-level industrial clusters, which have become the backbone of China's industrial development.
Although the development trend is good, it should also be noted that the high-quality development of clusters still faces some challenges. The relevant person in charge of the Small and Medium sized Enterprise Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology introduced that through research on 10 provinces, more than 50 county-level clusters, and nearly a thousand small and medium-sized enterprises, it was found that there are still the following problems in the industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises——
定位模糊、协同不足。相当一部分集群主导产业定位不够清晰，优势特色不足，同时由于协同创新平台尚不健全、发挥作用不够等问题，不少集群仍表现为“集而不群”。
资源欠缺、服务滞后。当前，县域产业集群提供服务与企业需求还存在较大差距，数字化基础设施和服务资源的欠缺限制了集群数字化管理水平和中小企业数字化转型水平的提升。
“促进培育中小企业特色产业集群，可以更好下沉高水平服务资源、优化中小企业发展环境，弥补中小企业小散弱的先天劣势。”工信部中小企业局有关负责人说，发展中小企业特色产业集群，也有利于促进各种产业资源的快速流动，放大产业协作效应，将集群嵌入全国乃至全球产业体系中，从而在产业链关键环节实现“卡位”“补位”，增强产业链供应链韧性。
集群“特”在哪里
明确一个主导产业，并不断夯实产业基础，集聚创新要素
特色是中小企业产业集群发展的核心动力。那么此类集群“特”在哪里？
“特”体现为主导产业的专业化。按照《办法》，中小企业集群需明确一个主导产业，并不断夯实产业基础。一些地区打造一县一业、一镇一品等做法，均是立足当地资源特点和产业基础，进行差异化定位，引导中小企业在主导产业上深耕细作，不断提升集群专业化配套能力，推动产业基础高级化和产业链现代化。
“特”表现在主导产业的优势化。《办法》要求，中小企业集群应围绕主导产业集聚创新要素，加强协同创新，完善创新平台，通过数字化手段提升产业协作水平，践行绿色制造，形成核心竞争力，推动产业向价值链高端攀升。
应该看到，近年来，各地立足区位特点、资源禀赋、产业基础和产业结构，已形成一批相对成熟的中小企业特色产业集群。河北临西，轴承产业集群加强与科研院所战略合作，实现机床轴承、陶瓷轴承等中高端产品突破，产品远销东南亚、欧美等的90多个国家和地区；河南叶县，依托龙头企业平煤神马集团组建尼龙新材料产业研究院，有力推动大中小企业融通发展和产学研用协同创新。
“中小企业特色产业集群的遴选要立足于推动我国中小企业专精特新发展和产业链现代化水平提升，聚焦营造中小企业良好发展环境和产业链供应链关键环节专业化配套能力提升。”工信部中小企业局有关负责人表示，下一步将从具有较强核心竞争力、优质中小企业梯度培育成效明显、产业链供应链协作高效、具有较强协同创新能力、数字化转型效果初显、具有较高绿色化发展水平、积极参与产业开放合作等多方面进行具体遴选和认定。
认定后如何培育
引导地方出台专项支持政策，汇聚市场化服务资源，形成发展新模式
认定是手段，培育才是关键。按照《办法》，在“十四五”期间，将在全国范围内认定200个左右中小企业特色产业集群。认定工作完成后，如何支持和促进集群的发展和培育？
“通过政府引导与市场主导相结合的方式，多措并举培育集群发展。”工信部中小企业局有关负责人表示，一方面，通过开展政策宣贯，引导地方立足工作实际统筹规划中小企业产业集群布局，出台专项支持政策，在财政、金融、产业、土地、人才等方面加强对集群发展的支持力度。另一方面，激发市场主体活力，汇聚市场化服务资源，通过机制创新形成多方共建、共商共治、风险共担、利益共享的集群发展新模式。
“中小企业特色产业集群的生存发展之根在于产业，无产业则无集群，无专而强的产业则无优而壮的集群。”中国电子技术标准化研究院副院长杨建军表示，培育中小企业特色产业集群需要精准定位集群主导产业，提升主导产业特色优势，推进产业数字化升级，加大创新平台建设力度，畅通集群内外部协作网络，持续推进优质中小企业梯度培育工作，不断提升集群产业竞争力。
为防止一些地区在集群建设过程中，可能出现的盲目发展和趋同现象，《办法》也作出了相应的规范性要求和指引，以引导中小企业特色产业集群健康可持续发展。
《办法》规定中小企业特色产业集群制定三年发展规划，作为认定的基本条件，将有效协调集群的产业发展方向。杨建军分析，集群需结合产业发展形势和自身发展基础，明确发展目标，采取量身定制、行之有效的工作措施，综合提升主导产业的核心竞争力，从而发展成各有千秋、模式各异的行业标杆。
此外，《办法》也提出要建立集群动态管理和跟踪监测机制的要求。据介绍，下一步工信部将组织各地中小企业主管部门建立健全本地中小企业产业集群动态监测工作机制，通过开展集群诊断、编制发布案例集等方式推进先进培育工作经验的分享，引导集群少走弯路、找到出路，为推动出台精准滴灌的集群扶持政策提供支撑。（记者 韩鑫）
Information source: People's Daily
