Enhancing the core competitiveness of state-owned enterprises and promoting the development and growth of the private economy - effectively implementing the "two unwavering" principles
The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out the need to effectively implement the "two unwavering principles". In response to the incorrect discussions in society about whether we adhere to the "two unwavering" principles, we must have a clear and unambiguous attitude.
Two unwavering principles, namely, unwaveringly consolidating and developing the public ownership economy, and unwaveringly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public ownership economy. How to further deepen the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises in the new year? What are the further measures to encourage and support the development and growth of the private economy and private enterprises? How should we focus on this year's key tasks? The reporter interviewed relevant department heads and experts and scholars.
Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises
Continuously optimizing the layout and structure of state-owned economy
The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to deepen the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises and enhance their core competitiveness. Adhere to the direction of classification reform and handle the relationship between the economic responsibility and social responsibility of state-owned enterprises well. Improve the modern corporate governance of state-owned enterprises with Chinese characteristics and truly operate according to market-oriented mechanisms.
Enhancing the core competitiveness of state-owned enterprises has clarified the important goals of state-owned enterprise reform. "Hu Chi, a researcher at the Research Center of the State owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, believes that core competitiveness covers aspects such as competitiveness, innovation, control, influence, and risk resistance, which also fits well with the world-class enterprise goals of" excellent products, outstanding brands, leading innovation, and modern governance ".
Zhang Yuzhuo, Secretary of the Party Committee of the State owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, stated that we must consolidate the achievements of the three-year action plan to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, focus on improving core competitiveness and enhancing core functions according to changes in the situation, plan and promote a new round of action to deepen and enhance the reform of state-owned enterprises, and continuously achieve new breakthroughs and results in the reform.
Further improve the modern corporate governance of state-owned enterprises with Chinese characteristics. Hu Chi believes that on the one hand, it is necessary to better clarify the boundaries of rights and responsibilities between the Party organization, the board of directors, and the management team, and form a governance mechanism that is legally binding, transparent, coordinated, and effectively balanced, integrating Party leadership into corporate governance; On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the market-oriented incentive and restraint mechanism, further promote the universal and normalized operation of the mechanism that allows cadres to move up and down, employees to move in and out, and income to increase or decrease at all levels of enterprises, especially to improve the coverage, flexibility, and matching of medium and long-term incentives, and stimulate the internal vitality of enterprises.
Adhere to the direction of classification reform. At present, the functional classification of state-owned enterprises has been basically completed, achieving classification reform, classification supervision, and classification development. Adhering to the direction of classification reform is conducive to promoting reform according to enterprises, enhancing the scientific, targeted, and effective supervision of state-owned assets, and also helping enterprises better balance economic interests and social responsibilities, and play a greater role in economic and social development, "said Hu Chi.
To promote the transformation of state-owned asset supervision from "asset management" to "capital management". Hu Chi stated that efforts should be made to promote the separation of government and enterprises, government and capital, and ownership and management rights; At the same time, with state-owned capital investment and operation companies as the starting point, we will continuously improve the state-owned asset supervision system that focuses on capital management.
The purpose of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises is to continuously strengthen, optimize, and expand state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital. Hu Chi believes that in the next step, state-owned enterprises should strive to create a "source of original technology" and focus on breakthroughs in key technologies; To strive to be the "chain leader" of the modern industrial chain, driving the integration, innovation, and coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain; We need to further concentrate on important basic industries and advantageous areas, and continuously optimize the layout and structure of the state-owned economy.
Boosting the confidence of private entrepreneurs
Breaking down implicit barriers and increasing relief and assistance
As an inherent element of China's economic system, the private economy has always been an important economic foundation for adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics; As our own people, private entrepreneurs have always been an important force that our party must unite and rely on for long-term governance.
The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to lower the requirement for equal treatment of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises from the institutional and legal aspects, and encourage and support the development and growth of private economy and private enterprises from policies and public opinion.
Ma Bin, Executive Vice President of the China Association of Small and Medium sized Enterprises, believes that the "two unwavering principles" are the most valuable experience of the development and growth of China's private economy in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. Adhering to the "two unwavering principles" and constantly advancing with the times is the greatest driving force to boost the confidence of private entrepreneurs.
The private economy plays an irreplaceable role in activating the market, improving people's livelihoods, creating wealth, and promoting innovation. Zhao Chenxin, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission, stated that efforts should be made to address the prominent problems faced by private enterprises and promote the growth of the private economy.
Deepen the implementation of the negative list system for market access. Ma Bin said that many private enterprises still hope to form alliances with state-owned enterprises when bidding for projects, and even hope that state-owned enterprises can invest in order to obtain more opportunities for winning bids. Zhao Chenxin believes that it is necessary to further standardize the government's management authority and methods in the market access process, break down various forms of unreasonable restrictions and implicit barriers to market access, and provide "equal rules, equal rights, and equal opportunities" for all types of ownership enterprises. Officials in charge of the Central Finance Office believe that it is necessary to comprehensively review and revise laws, regulations, and policies related to enterprises, improve the fair competition system, oppose local protection and administrative monopolies, and open up more space for private enterprises.
加大纾困帮扶力度。我国企业绝大多数是民营企业，而民营企业绝大多数又是小微企业。中国中小企业协会数据显示：受疫情冲击和国际形势影响，2022年前11月，中小企业发展指数总体处于下降态势，说明中小企业恢复基础仍不牢固。财政部部长刘昆日前表示，2023年，财政部门将围绕市场主体需求，精准施策，助力企业减负增能。在财政补助、税费优惠、政府采购等方面，对各类市场主体一视同仁、平等对待，优化企业发展环境。赵辰昕认为，要细化落实工业、服务业减税降费等纾困政策，切实减轻相关行业领域特别是小微民营企业负担。
强化产权保护。我国首条民营资本控股高铁杭绍台铁路取得天台段不动产权证书，一系列保护民营企业产权和企业家权益的政策落细落实，让民营企业家安心经营。中央财办有关负责同志认为，要依法保护民营企业产权和企业家权益，防止和纠正利用行政或刑事手段干预经济纠纷。全国工商联党组书记、常务副主席徐乐江表示，将继续完善工商联法律服务体系，改进对中小微企业的法律服务，用好立法协商、法律维权、法治宣传、商会调解等工作机制和载体。赵辰昕表示，要加快推进涉政府产权纠纷专项行动，梳理重点案件推送地方挂牌督办。发挥好产权保护协调机制作用，围绕重点案件指导地方抓好落实。
构建亲清政商关系
为企业解难题、办实事
中央经济工作会议明确提出，各级领导干部要为民营企业解难题、办实事，构建亲清政商关系。
“以政府‘权力瘦身、服务健身、监管转身’为主线，深化‘放管服’改革。”中国民营经济研究会理事吴跃农认为，要认真解决民营企业发展中人才、技术、劳动力、融资、税费、用地等方面的问题。
当前，各地推动“有为政府”与“有效市场”良性互动，围绕项目服务、资源供给和营商环境等为民营企业办实事。
拥有1800多家民营企业的江苏常州经开区遥观镇，今年将聚焦总投资169亿元的20个重点产业项目主动送服务，推进项目落地。
“在亲清政商关系方面，‘清’有明显好转，‘亲’尚需更多努力。”马彬建议，一些地方探索“企业服务员”和“领导服务日”等做法，应形成常态化机制，防止形式主义。
河北保定白沟新城发展箱包产业，通过线上销售，提高了销量和设计开发效率。前阵子，一些箱包企业遇到难题：临近节假日，线上订单量较大，然而受疫情影响，网销箱包无法按时送达。白沟新城管委会白沟箱包产业数字化转型赋能中心迅速组建电商服务团队，走进企业帮忙解决问题。
“目前，外贸企业压力大，为企业找到销售渠道是关键。”白沟新城改革发展科技局副局长王菲表示，管委会搭建海外营销推广服务平台，与大型跨境电商平台合作，链接海外采购资源，与此同时，组织对接东南亚采购商，带领相关企业赴海外市场拿订单。（记者 刘志强 欧阳洁 黄超 冯亚涛）
Information source: People's Daily
