In the new era, how can we answer the development proposition - firmly grasp the primary task of high-quality development
Development is the top priority of the Party's governance and the key to solving all problems in China.
High quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. "In October 2022, the tenth year of the new era, the national rejuvenation reached a critical milestone. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, and General Secretary Xi Jinping issued a new mobilization order.
Development is also a step-by-step struggle.
From the "First Five Year Plan" to the "Fourteenth Five Year Plan", from the absolute principle of development to the new development concept, from the overall well-off to the overall well-off, from the "Four Modernizations" to the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country... Generations of CPC have always put development in a prominent position.
One important aspect of our party's leadership in governing the country by the people is to answer the major question of what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve it
The pages of time are opened one by one, and the chapters of development are constantly updated. Starting from the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has profound thoughts on the development proposition of China in the new era.
The profound changes in the world that have not been seen in a century are unprecedented. Solving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in the world's largest developing country with a population of over 1.4 billion is unprecedented in terms of the heavy task of reform, development, and stability, the multitude of contradictions, risks, and challenges, and the challenges of governance.
Changes in the world, times, and history.
Accurately identifying changes, scientifically adapting to changes, and actively seeking change.
A profound insight and accurate grasp of the overall development cannot be achieved without in-depth theoretical thinking and practical exploration. From Lianhua Mountain in Shenzhen to Xiaogang Village in Fengyang, from Liangjiahe in northern Shaanxi to the Yangtze River Economic Belt, from the old industrial base in Shenyang to the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang... In the past decade, General Secretary Xi Jinping's research has covered the north and south of the country, as well as the inland border areas, discussing reform and innovation, ecological protection, transformation and development, and strategies for business and prosperity. The development of China in the new era has been accurately concluded.
Our country's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. In October 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping made a decisive decision in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Development is one of the most fundamental categories of Marxism. The establishment of a systematic and scientific development concept under the guidance of Marxism is the "touchstone" for testing the truth of Marxism and the governing ability of Marxist political parties. Promoting high-quality development is a vivid manifestation of using the basic principles of Marxism to solve practical problems, and is an inevitable requirement for following economic laws in development.
Extraordinary decade, great transformation, writing the best footnote for high-quality development.
The per capita gross domestic product is close to the threshold of high-income countries, and the biggest engine driving world economic growth is strong; The cumulative decrease in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP is about 34%, and green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver; Nearly 100 million rural people have been lifted out of poverty, and the land of China has comprehensively built a moderately prosperous society... Prosperous China is moving forward with great vigor towards the second centenary goal.
It is the solemn historical responsibility of the contemporary CPC people to constantly write a new chapter of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism.
Break down old ideas with new development concepts and create new situations with high-quality development. The people of the CPC in the new era are pushing the great ship of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to ride the wind and waves and set sail with an indomitable attitude of struggle and a state of mind.
Governing Response--
What kind of development? How to achieve development?
"The development of the new era and new stage must implement the new development concept and must be high-quality development"
China's development is always a magnificent picture in the face of problems.
The South China Sea winds up and the Pearl River surges. In December 2012, General Secretary Xi Jinping left Beijing for the first time after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He came to Guangdong, which was the first to reform and opening up, and hosted an economic work symposium in Guangzhou.
"We don't set the tone, and we didn't ask everyone to submit speeches in advance. We just hope everyone will emancipate their minds, seek truth from facts, and speak freely." the general secretary specially emphasized.
At that time, China's economic growth rate fell below 8% for the first time since the new century, behind the rapid economic growth over the years, hidden worries emerged: some localities and departments one-sided pursuit of speed and scale, extensive mode of development, economic structural and institutional contradictions continue to accumulate, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development is very prominent ...... In 2012, China's total economic output accounted for about 11.5 percent of the world's energy consumption per unit of GDP is 2.5 times the world average.
At the symposium, representatives of cadres at all levels and some entrepreneurs from Guangdong's provinces, cities, and towns spoke one after another. While listening carefully, the general secretary carefully remembered and interrupted from time to time. "In the face of complex and rapidly changing situations, we must keep a clear head." "Accelerating the strategic adjustment of the economic structure is the general trend and it is urgent".
Less than a week after returning to Beijing, General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the Central Economic Work Conference and emphasized that "we cannot blindly pursue high speeds regardless of objective conditions and violate laws".
Standing on the peaks of history, we can have a clearer insight into the times and grasp the direction of progress more accurately.
For thousands of years, the farming civilization of the Chinese nation has been leading the world for a long time. In modern times, it missed the opportunity of the industrial revolution and fell behind in the trend of the times. After the founding of New China, large-scale industrialization began. Since the reform and opening up, it has taken decades for China to complete the development process that developed countries have gone through for hundreds of years, and the total economic volume has jumped from the 11th to the second in the world.
New situations and new problems follow. "Economic development is facing a speed shift node, just like a person who grows up sharply between the ages of 10 and 18, and the speed of growing up after the age of 18 slows down."
China, the economy that created the longest record of rapid economic growth in a country after World War II, is facing new development choices.
The old road does not work, where is the new road?
Chinese-style modernization is a modernization with a huge population. The world's developed-level population adds up to about 1 billion people, while my country has more than 1.4 billion people, all of whom have entered modernization, which means that the world's developed-level population will more than double. It is impossible to imagine that we can produce and live in a way that the population at the current developed level consumes resources, and the existing resources in the world are not enough for us.
"Under the new situation, development cannot wear new shoes and follow the old path, and can no longer take the path of large-scale and extensive development. It must completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development."
From quantitative change to qualitative change is an objective economic law.
Since the 1960 s, only a dozen of the world's more than 100 middle-income economies have become high-income economies. Those countries and regions that have achieved success have achieved economic development from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement after experiencing a stage of rapid growth. Those countries that have stagnated or even regressed have failed to achieve this fundamental transformation. "Economic development is a spiral process. The rise is not linear. When the quantity accumulates to a certain stage, it must turn to the improvement of quality. China's economic development should also follow this law."
The shift from "whether or not" to "whether or not" is the requirement of the changing times.
In the new era, the main contradictions in our society have been transformed into the contradictions between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The contradictions and problems in development are concentrated in the quality of development. "We must promote high-quality development to adapt to new changes in science and technology and the new needs of the people, form a high-quality, efficient and diversified supply system, and provide more high-quality products and services. Only in this way can supply and demand be balanced at a new level and China's economy can develop in a sustained and healthy manner."
What kind of development will China achieve in the new era and how to achieve development?
The answer is clear and firm, and the pen is loud--
In July 2013, at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, it was pointed out that my country's economy was in a period of "three-phase superposition"; in December of the same year, the "new normal" was proposed at the Central Economic Work Conference; in October 2015, the party's 18th At the Fifth Plenary Session of the Central Committee, the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing was proposed to provide fundamental follow for high-quality development, deploying supply-side structural reform at the meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group; in October 2017, making a major judgment at the 19th CPC National Congress that "China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development"; and in April 2020, proposing the construction of a new development pattern at the meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission......
Follow the laws of economy, nature, society and development. Answer the questions of China, the world, the people and the times.
Centering on the major and urgent problems facing China's development and responding to the people's yearning for a better life, General Secretary Xi Jinping made a series of theoretical generalizations and strategic arrangements for the new practice of China's economic development, further promoted the modernization of Marxist political economy in China, and formed Xi Jinping's economic thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, with the new development concept as the main content. It provides a fundamental basis for China's economic development in the new era.
The scientific world outlook and methodology are the "master key" for us to study and solve problems ".
In the new era, the task of advancing the modernization of Marxism in China is not lighter, but heavier. At the celebration of the 100 anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping formally put forward the major thesis of "two combinations": "Insist on combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific reality, combining with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and using Marxism Observe the times, grasp the times, lead the times, and continue to develop contemporary Chinese Marxism and 21st century Marxism!"
Looking back at the history of national struggle, modernization is the long-cherished wish of several generations. Looking at the history of world development, modernization is the common pursuit of the people of all countries.
Today, the largest developing country, with such a huge population entering modernization, is unprecedented in the world. There is no precedent to follow and no ready path to follow.
Using the "arrow" of Marxism to shoot the "of China's development in the new era". High-quality development has become the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.
In March 2021, the spring breeze swept across the face. At the beginning of the 14th five-year Plan and entering a new stage of development, China "answered the important question of what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve development" and wrote a warm stroke.
Hold the Yunhe River to wash the sky green, Minshan Minshui Huaxin. In Wuyishan National Park, talk about green development; in Sanming Sha County General Hospital, discuss shared development; in Fuguang Co., Ltd., look at innovative development ...... Bamin land, diligently walking, burn the deep imprint of careful thinking about high-quality development.
On the banks of Jiuqu River in Wuyi Mountain, the General Secretary walked up the stairs and walked into Zhu Xi Garden, just like opening the door of heavy history and looking at Chinese civilization affectionately. "Gearness, knowledge, sincerity, righteousness, self-cultivation, family harmony, governance, peace of the world", "The country is based on the people, and the country is also for the people", "The poor, who want to know the reason for things, are only those who take what they take for granted", "Ask how clear the canal is? In order to have a source of living water"......
"When I went to Shandong for an inspection, I went to see the Confucius Temple in the Confucius Mansion, and when I went to Wuyi Mountain, I also came to see Zhu Xi." After learning from the past, General Secretary Xi Jinping sighed with emotion: "If there is no five thousand years of Chinese civilization, where is there any Chinese characteristics? If not for Chinese characteristics, how can we have such a successful path of socialism with Chinese characteristics today? We must pay special attention to tapping the essence of the five thousand years of Chinese civilization, combining the promotion of excellent traditional culture with Marxist standpoints and methods, and unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics."
In the light of excellent traditional culture and re-looking at high-quality development, it is not difficult to find that there is an innovative development of "being new, new, and new"; there is a coordinated development of "where there is an upper, there is a lower, and there is another"; there is a green development of "fishing but not an outline, and there is no shooting and lodging"; there is an open development of "accepting all rivers, and the shared development of" people-oriented "...... Five thousand years of Chinese civilization is the source of high-quality development.
"Shoes don't fit, only the person who wears them knows." A country's development path must be adapted to its special national conditions and specific realities. China's questions must be answered by the Chinese themselves, starting from China's basic national conditions.
China is a large developing country, still in the primary stage of socialism, undergoing extensive and profound social changes. The various contradictions, difficulties, and problems encountered in the modernization drive need to be resolved in the course of development. This is an important historical experience for us. To solve the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, we must rely on high-quality development.
Great times and great changes call for great wisdom and a great pattern. The basic starting point of our planning work is to have two overall situations in mind.
In the midst of unprecedented changes in the past century, we will explore the world-where is the world heading? Peace or war? Development or recession? Open or closed? Cooperation or confrontation? In the face of the changes in the world and in response to the questions of the times, General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly put forward such major ideas as promoting the building of a community of human destiny, promoting the common values of all mankind, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and other major ideas, providing Chinese wisdom for creating a better world.
Standing in the overall strategic situation of national rejuvenation, we should pursue the present and the past -- a hundred years of struggle, a hundred years of sacrifice, and a hundred years of creation. Our party has led the people not only to create two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability that are rare in the world, but also successfully embarked on the path of Chinese-style modernization, created a new form of human civilization, and expanded the way for developing countries to modernize. The exploration of a better social system provides a Chinese solution.
Thought can change the track of history, and history is the rare coordinate of thought.
China's development experience clearly tells the world that there is more than one road to modernization, as long as we find the right direction and go on and on, all roads lead to Rome.
Ideas lead--
What is high-quality development? How to achieve high-quality development?
"High-quality development is development that can well meet the people's growing needs for a better life, and is a development that reflects the new development concept"
There are always some time nodes to burn civilization mileage and mark the inflection point of development.
On January 5, 2016, a symposium that profoundly reflected the change of development concept was held in Chongqing.
"You may be disappointed today. This discussion is not about development, but about protection." At the first symposium on promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, General Secretary Xi Jinping came straight to the point, "At present and for a long period of time in the future, we must put the restoration of the Yangtze River's ecological environment in an overwhelming position, and we must focus on major protection and not engage in major development."
This made many participants feel "as if they had poured cold water".
Cold water is also a wake-up pill.
2016年1月,上游重庆;2018年4月,中游武汉;2020年11月,下游南京——总书记多次主持召开座谈会,从“推动”到“深入推动”,再到“全面推动”,为长江经济带绿色高质量发展擘画了宏伟蓝图。
今年到四川调研,宜宾市三江汇流处,岸边墙上,“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”一行字十分醒目。当地负责同志解释说,市民一度误解了岸边的建设工程,建议政府写下这十个字,自我警醒。这真是令人感慨的变化:十年前各级领导干部摩拳擦掌大干快上;而今,普通老百姓对绿色发展护如家珍。
发展是一个不断变化的进程。从大开发到大保护,发展思路的变化,体现的是发展理念的进步。
“高质量发展,就是能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展,是体现新发展理念的发展,是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展。”
新发展理念,成为我国现代化建设的指导原则,成为推动高质量发展的思想指引。
一场关系中国发展全局的深刻变革全面开启。
从中南海到中关村,2013年9月30日,十八届中央政治局第一次把集体学习的“课堂”搬到“红墙”外,“实施创新驱动发展战略”成为学习主题。
高质量发展,是创新成为第一动力的发展。在总书记心目中,“创新”与“第一”是连在一起的。“把创新摆在第一位,是因为创新是引领发展的第一动力”“抓住了创新,就抓住了牵动经济社会发展全局的‘牛鼻子’”。
这是对历史经验的深刻总结。自清代被坚船利炮轰开大门,中国屡屡被经济总量、人口规模、领土幅员远不如自己的国家打败。“历史告诉我们一个真理:一个国家是否强大不能单就经济总量大小而定,一个民族是否强盛也不能单凭人口规模、领土幅员多寡而定。近代史上,我国落后挨打的根子之一就是科技落后。”
这是对时代潮流的精准把握。当今世界,经济社会发展越来越依赖于理论、制度、科技、文化等领域的创新,国际竞争新优势也越来越体现在创新能力上。“谁在创新上先行一步,谁就能拥有引领发展的主动权。”
这是对中国国情的清醒认知。经济总量跃居世界第二,但大而不强、臃肿虚胖体弱问题相当突出,创新能力不强成为“阿喀琉斯之踵”。“通过创新引领和驱动发展已经成为我国发展的迫切要求。所以,我反复强调,抓创新就是抓发展,谋创新就是谋未来。”
“创新是引领发展的第一动力”,是对马克思关于生产力理论的创造性发展,强调的是创新的战略地位,对社会经济发展的“撬动作用”。正是这个“第一”的重大判断,释放了高质量发展的创新活力。
“奋斗者”号万米深潜,“复兴号”驰骋神州,“神舟”飞天、“嫦娥”探月、“祝融”探火、“羲和”逐日……十年间,我国坚持创新发展理念,全社会研发投入与国内生产总值的比例由1.91%提高到2.44%,全球创新指数的排名由第三十四位上升至第十一位。
巍巍贺兰,山海情长。
1997年4月,时任福建省委副书记的习近平同志来到宁夏,为闽宁结亲、山海共融按下“快进键”,催生了东西部协作发展的崭新模式。
“闽宁镇探索出了一条康庄大道,我们要把这个宝贵经验向全国推广。”2016年7月,在宁夏考察工作的习近平总书记看到闽宁镇的喜人变化,“打心眼儿里感到高兴”。
2020年6月,习近平总书记第四次来到宁夏,贺兰山下一片葡萄园里,详细询问葡萄种植、葡萄酒销售和村民收入情况。闽商陈德启在此耕耘15年,让3000多名西海固移民家门口就业,“干沙滩”成了“金沙滩”。
协调发展是制胜要诀。闽宁经验示范引路,东部的资金、技术、人才、理念源源输入,西部贫困地区“造血”能力大大提升,最终互利共赢、共同发展。
高质量发展,是协调成为内生特点的发展。我国正处于由中等收入国家向高收入国家迈进的阶段,国际经验表明,这个阶段是各种矛盾集中爆发的时期,发展不协调、存在诸多短板也是难免的。“协调发展,就要找出短板,在补齐短板上多用力,通过补齐短板挖掘发展潜力、增强发展后劲。”
“长三角一体化发展、建设粤港澳大湾区、京津冀协同发展等,这些都是我们国家发展的重要引擎。一个个引擎都加快转动起来,中国经济持续健康发展就势不可挡。”十年里,我国常住人口城镇化率由53.1%上升至64.7%,城乡居民人均可支配收入之比由2.88∶1降低到2.5∶1。京津冀“一网通办专区”、粤港澳大湾区“1小时生活圈”;全国“县县通大电网”、行政村“村村通宽带”……协调发展的大棋局,运筹帷幄,决胜千里。
“生态三问”,振聋发聩。
2013年4月,习近平总书记在十八届中共中央政治局常委会会议上接连发问——
“如果仍是粗放发展,即使实现了国内生产总值翻一番的目标,那污染又会是一种什么情况?”
“在现有基础上不转变经济发展方式实现经济总量增加一倍,产能继续过剩,那将是一种什么样的生态环境?”
“经济上去了,老百姓的幸福感大打折扣,甚至强烈的不满情绪上来了,那是什么形势?”
同年9月,在参加河北省委常委班子专题民主生活会时,总书记严肃指出:“全国10个污染最严重城市河北占了7个。再不下决心调整结构,就无法向历史和人民交代。”
朗朗晴空、徐徐清风,民生之要、百姓之盼。
高质量发展,是绿色成为普遍形态的发展。从“谋生活”到“盼生态”,进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾转化,人民群众热切期盼清新空气、清洁水质、清丽山川。“走向生态文明新时代,建设美丽中国,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的重要内容。”
连续10年参加首都义务植树活动,号召大家都做生态文明建设的实践者、推动者;保护秦岭生态环境,先后6次作出重要指示批示;两次主持召开座谈会,推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展……党的十八大以来,习近平总书记身体力行、擘画推动,生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业“五位一体”总体布局,习近平生态文明思想正式确立,绿色发展理念落地生根。
中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。绿色成为高质量发展的鲜明底色,离不开科学方法。
以系统思维谋全局。2013年,总书记指出,山水林田湖是一个生命共同体;4年后,将“草”纳入这个体系。去年全国两会参加内蒙古代表团审议,总书记强调一字之增:“要统筹山水林田湖草沙系统治理,这里要加一个‘沙’字。”……系统治理理念逐步形成,山水林田湖草沙生命共同体生机勃勃。
以问题导向解难题。党的十八大以来,针对青海祁连山自然保护区和木里矿区破坏性开采、陕西延安削山造城、浙江杭州千岛湖临湖地带违规搞建设等问题,总书记多次作出重要指示批示,要求“严肃查处,扭住不放,一抓到底,不彻底解决绝不松手”。
以先立后破促转型。绿色转型是一个过程,不是一蹴而就的事情。要先立后破,而不能够未立先破。实现“双碳”目标,必须立足国情,坚持稳中求进、逐步实现,不能脱离实际、急于求成,搞运动式“降碳”、踩“急刹车”。“不能把手里吃饭的家伙先扔了,结果新的吃饭家伙还没拿到手,这不行。”
思想的转变,最难,也最关键。
十年攻坚,我国生态环境保护发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化,美丽中国大步向前。2021年,全国地级及以上城市PM2.5平均浓度比2015年下降了34.8%。河北石家庄摄影爱好者王汝春,3000多张照片连续8年记录“蓝天之增”,消息冲上热搜,网友接龙晒出“家乡蓝”。“天空日记”共鸣共情,绿色发展入脑入心。
阿尔卑斯山小镇达沃斯,因世界经济论坛闻名。
2017年1月17日,在此召开的世界经济论坛年会开幕式上,习近平主席直面经济全球化的“存废之争”,传递信心和希望,为阴霾中的世界带去“冬日里的暖阳”。“我们要坚定不移发展开放型世界经济,在开放中分享机会和利益、实现互利共赢。不能一遇到风浪就退回到港湾中去,那是永远不能到达彼岸的。”
五年后,面对“如何战胜疫情”“如何建设疫后世界”等重大问题,习近平主席在世界经济论坛视频会议的演讲中,给出的“中国答案”坚定而具体:“世界各国要坚持真正的多边主义,坚持拆墙而不筑墙、开放而不隔绝、融合而不脱钩,推动构建开放型世界经济”。
开放是人类社会繁荣进步的必由之路。从大航海时代开辟世界图景,到工业革命塑造全球市场,再到建设你中有我、我中有你的人类命运共同体,人类文明的历史,就是一部开放、融通、合作的发展史。“我们坚定站在历史正确的一边、站在人类文明进步的一边,高举和平、发展、合作、共赢旗帜,在坚定维护世界和平与发展中谋求自身发展,又以自身发展更好维护世界和平与发展。”
高质量发展,是开放成为必由之路的发展。要发展壮大,必须主动顺应经济全球化潮流,坚持对外开放,充分运用人类社会创造的先进科学技术成果和有益管理经验。“当年,我们推动复关谈判、入世谈判,都承受着很大压力。今天看来,我们大胆开放、走向世界,无疑是选择了正确方向。”
越开放就越发展,越发展就越开放。
开放,已经成为中国经济高质量发展的必需品。习近平总书记在博鳌亚洲论坛2018年年会开幕式上指出:“实践证明,过去40年中国经济发展是在开放条件下取得的,未来中国经济实现高质量发展也必须在更加开放条件下进行。”
中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化。从提出构建人类命运共同体理念到高质量共建“一带一路”,从亚太经合组织(APEC)北京会议到二十国集团(G20)杭州峰会,从统筹推进21个自贸试验区建设到高质量高标准建设海南自由贸易港,从发起成立亚投行到举办进博会、服贸会、广交会、消博会……新时代,我国对外开放的广度和深度全面拓展,全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放新格局加快形成。
民生小事,“国之大者”。
住窑洞、睡土炕、打水井、修淤地坝、建沼气池,7年甘苦与共。
“这种历练对您今天有什么影响?”
“看到了人民群众的力量,看到了人民群众的根本,真正理解了老百姓,了解了社会,这个是最根本的。”被问及梁家河知青岁月,习近平总书记深深感慨。
离开梁家河的那天早上,院子里早早挤满了送行的乡亲。推开门的那一刻,青年习近平流下热泪。“那个时候,我就说,今后如果有条件、有机会,我要做一些为老百姓办好事的工作。”
他知道人民期盼什么,懂得群众需要什么。“人民群众关心的问题是什么?是食品安不安全、暖气热不热、雾霾能不能少一点、河湖能不能清一点、垃圾焚烧能不能不有损健康、养老服务顺不顺心、能不能租得起或买得起住房,等等。”
“相对于增长速度高一点还是低一点,这些问题更受人民群众关注。”这样的发展理念,让高质量发展有了温度。
高质量发展,是共享成为根本目的的发展。在总书记心中,世界上最大的幸福莫过于为人民幸福而奋斗。“在整个发展过程中,都要注重民生、保障民生、改善民生,让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及广大人民群众,使人民群众在共建共享发展中有更多获得感。”
“共享理念实质就是坚持以人民为中心的发展思想”。以人民为中心,不是一个抽象的、玄奥的概念,不能只停留在口头上、止步于思想环节。
幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶……十年间,我国建成了世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系和医疗卫生体系,人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续。
“新发展理念是一个系统的理论体系,回答了关于发展的目的、动力、方式、路径等一系列理论和实践问题,阐明了我们党关于发展的政治立场、价值导向、发展模式、发展道路等重大政治问题。”
完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念。
一个民族要走在时代前列,就一刻不能没有理论思维,一刻不能没有正确思想指引。路子对了,就要坚持走下去。
格局之变——
如何育先机?怎样开新局?
“构建新发展格局,是与时俱进提升我国经济发展水平的战略抉择,也是塑造我国国际经济合作和竞争新优势的战略抉择”
时近冬日,黄浦江畔,开放的春风温暖世界。
2022年11月,中国国际进口博览会行至第五届。这个世界上首个以进口为主题的国家级展会,已成为“中国构建新发展格局的窗口、推动高水平开放的平台、全球共享的国际公共产品”。
关系发展全局的关键抉择,需要非凡的战略定力、高超的战略思维和科学的战略决策。
构建新发展格局,是与时俱进提升我国经济发展水平的战略抉择,也是塑造我国国际经济合作和竞争新优势的战略抉择。从国际比较看,大国经济的特征都是内需为主导、内部可循环。我国作为全球第二大经济体和制造业第一大国,国内经济循环同国际经济循环的关系客观上早有调整的要求。“这是我们提出构建新发展格局的首要考虑。”
21世纪第三个十年的开年,一场百年不遇的新冠肺炎疫情汹汹袭来,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进。与此同时,经济全球化遭遇逆流,民粹主义、排外主义抬头,单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义对世界和平与发展构成威胁,国际经济、科技、文化、安全、政治等格局都在发生深刻复杂变化。“今后一个时期,我们将面对更多逆风逆水的外部环境,必须做好应对一系列新的风险挑战的准备。”
此时的中国经济,正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期,经济发展前景向好,同时结构性、体制性、周期性问题相互交织,加上疫情冲击,经济运行面临较大压力。“我国继续发展具有多方面优势和条件,也面临不少困难和挑战”。
洞察时与势,把握危与机,关键要用全面、辩证、长远的眼光看问题,努力在危机中育先机、于变局中开新局。
战略问题,是一个政党、一个国家的根本性问题。从战略上认识、分析、判断面临的重大历史课题,制定正确的战略策略,这是党战胜无数风险挑战、不断从胜利走向胜利的有力保证。
从战略上观时察势,“我国发展面临新的战略机遇、新的战略任务、新的战略阶段、新的战略要求、新的战略环境”。构建新发展格局是事关全局的系统性、深层次变革,是立足当前、着眼长远的战略谋划。“我们要从全局和战略的高度准确把握加快构建新发展格局的战略构想。”
带着这样的战略思考,总书记开启了国内调研之行。
在中国经济版图中,地处南北和东西航道交汇点的宁波舟山港举足轻重,共建“一带一路”、长江经济带发展、长三角一体化发展等在此汇聚。而在2020年初新冠肺炎疫情冲击下,国外原材料进不来、国内货物出不去,这个世界货物吞吐量第一大港一度成为“空港”。
春寒料峭,雨润万物。2020年3月底,习近平总书记冒雨来到宁波舟山港穿山港区,一路走、一路看、一路思考,酝酿着新形势下引领发展的新思路。
“危和机总是同生并存的,克服了危即是机。”随着境外疫情加速扩散蔓延,国际经贸活动受到严重影响,我国经济发展面临新的挑战,同时也给加快科技发展、推动产业优化升级带来新的机遇。
回京后不久,习近平总书记在中央财经委员会第七次会议上发表重要讲话,首次提出“构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”,阐释了对国家中长期经济社会发展的深入思考。6个月后,2020年10月,党的十九届五中全会对构建新发展格局作出全面部署。
“这是把握未来发展主动权的战略性布局和先手棋,是新发展阶段要着力推动完成的重大历史任务,也是贯彻新发展理念的重大举措。”国际经验表明,建立强大的内需体系和国内市场,是一国实现高质量发展并增强国际影响力的重要标志。尊重经济发展客观规律,加快构建新发展格局,明确了我国经济现代化的路径选择。
这是对世界百年未有之大变局的深刻把握,也是对中华民族伟大复兴战略全局的统筹谋划。“加快构建新发展格局,就是要在各种可以预见和难以预见的狂风暴雨、惊涛骇浪中,增强我们的生存力、竞争力、发展力、持续力,确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不被迟滞甚至中断。”
把发展立足点放在国内,集中精力办好自己的事情,才能在高质量发展中赢得历史主动。“我们只有立足自身,把国内大循环畅通起来,努力炼就百毒不侵、金刚不坏之身,才能任由国际风云变幻,始终充满朝气生存和发展下去,没有任何人能打倒我们、卡死我们!”
历史的自信,凝结成发展的自觉。
100多年来,我们党之所以能团结带领人民书写中华民族几千年历史上最恢宏的史诗,一个重要原因就是坚持集中精力办好自己的事情。改革开放以来,我们遭遇过很多外部风险冲击,最终都能化险为夷,靠的就是办好自己的事、把发展立足点放在国内。党的十八大以来,从应对国际经贸环境变化到抗击新冠肺炎疫情冲击,党中央统揽全局、运筹帷幄,亿万人民团结一心、沉着应对,以自身发展的稳定性成功应对了外部环境的不确定性。
江苏、安徽、福建、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、西藏、陕西、青海……构建新发展格局提出以来,总书记考察足迹跨越大江南北,奔基层、看企业、进社区、访农家,就加快构建新发展格局作出一系列重要部署。
从中央政治局会议到中央深改委会议,从党的十九届五中全会描绘未来蓝图,到十三届全国人大四次会议表决通过“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要……加快构建新发展格局的重大战略任务全面推进。
构建新发展格局是一个系统工程,既要“操其要于上”,加强战略谋划和顶层设计,也要“分其详于下”,把握工作着力点。
通堵点、畅循环,坚持深化供给侧结构性改革这条主线,着力打通制约经济循环的关键堵点,形成更高效率和更高质量的投入产出关系,实现经济在高水平上的动态平衡。
扩内需、增优势,国内循环与国际循环相互促进、相得益彰,供给侧改革与需求侧管理统筹协调、有效协同,新发展格局为高质量发展注入新的强大动力。
补短板、促安全,着力构建自主可控、安全高效的产业链供应链,保障粮食等重要农产品供给安全,把能源的饭碗牢牢端在自己手里,高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。
一个个关键处落子、彼此连接成势,推动形成优势互补高质量发展的经济布局,为中华民族伟大复兴开辟广阔空间。
地处亚欧大陆腹地的新疆,是习近平总书记在党的二十大召开前国内调研的重要一站。
2022年7月12日,乌鲁木齐国际陆港区,总书记站在一张巨大的地图前,久久凝视。
曾几何时,新疆是“路到头、人到头、水到头、电到头、田到头”的边境之地,是“骆驼电报,驴马邮政”的荒芜之所。如今,“钢铁驼队”中欧班列,沿昔日张骞凿空之路过沙漠、闯戈壁,西北边陲成为开放前沿。
此次考察,站在第二个百年新征程的起点上,总书记思虑长远:“更好利用国际国内两个市场、两种资源,积极服务和融入新发展格局。”
登高望远看发展,致广大而尽精微。
以大思路运筹大棋局,以新格局应对大变局,以好策略落实大战略,高质量发展蹄疾步稳。
人民立场——
发展为了谁?发展依靠谁?
“我们推动经济社会发展,归根到底是为了不断满足人民群众对美好生活的需要”
走得再远,也不能忘记为什么出发。
党的二十大闭幕不到一周,习近平总书记带领新当选的二十届中共中央政治局常委来到了延安,瞻仰革命圣地、赓续红色血脉、传承奋斗精神。
金秋时节,延安苹果红了。一下火车,总书记就直奔安塞区高桥镇南沟村的苹果园,他挂念着老乡们的收成,听说他们通过筑水坝、搞滴灌和精细化管理,有效解决了用水和灌溉问题,总书记称赞说:“这就是农业现代化,你们找到了合适的产业发展方向。”
2019年5月,随着最后两个贫困县延川、宜川脱贫退出,延安告别绝对贫困。老区脱贫攻坚,苹果这个特色优势产业一马当先,苹果收入占到农民人均可支配收入的27%。当年大生产运动中栽下的小苗苗,新时代真正长成了延安人民的“致富树”,结出了“幸福果”。
中国共产党人的字典里,“人民”二字,重若千钧。
1944年9月,普通士兵张思德的牺牲,让一代伟人毛泽东悲伤、沉思。追悼会上,他以《为人民服务》为题发表讲话,这5个字,被中国共产党人写入党章,奉为宗旨,数十年回响不绝。
中国历史上,不乏察民情、谋民生的明君贤相,而惟有用马克思主义武装起来的中国共产党人,才真正把阶级的、民族的、人民的使命统一起来,将“全心全意为人民服务”作为自己的根本宗旨,忠实实践。于是,窑洞里出了马列主义,黄土地哺育着一个政党,在世界上最小的司令部里,指挥了最大的人民解放战争。
70多年后,延安的窑洞前,习近平总书记在历史的回响中思索:“延安革命旧址见证了我们党在延安时期领导中国革命、探索马克思主义中国化时代化的光辉历程,是一本永远读不完的书,每次来都温故而知新,受到深刻教育和启示。”
“中国共产党是人民的党,是为人民服务的党,共产党当家就是要为老百姓办事,把老百姓的事情办好。”延安考察期间,总书记再次强调。
推动高质量发展,为了谁?依靠谁?
答案只有人民。
从小村庄到党中央,从农村大队党支部书记到党的总书记,习近平始终心怀家国、躬身为民。
“人民对美好生活的向往,就是我们的奋斗目标”“我们要牢记人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标”“不断把人民对美好生活的向往变为现实”。
党的十八大、十九大、二十大,3场盛会后与中外记者见面,一如既往的坚定誓言,始终不变的人民情怀。
发展为了人民,是马克思主义政治经济学的根本立场。
发展为了人民,是中国共产党人初心使命的现实反映。
发展为了人民,是习近平经济思想的“根”与“魂”。
“只有坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享,才会有正确的发展观、现代化观。”
大国之大,也有大国之重。千头万绪的事,说到底是千家万户的事。千家万户的小事,就是共产党执政的大事。
“总书记,您平时这么忙,还来看我们,真的感谢您。”
“我忙就是忙这些事,‘国之大者’就是人民的幸福生活。”
2021年春天,到广西桂林才湾镇毛竹山村村民王德利家做客,一段对话,打动人心。
着力提高供给质量和水平,不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要;全面建成小康社会,实现“小康路上一个都不能掉队”;大力推进生态文明建设,给百姓一个天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽家园……小康梦、强国梦、中国梦,归根到底是老百姓的“幸福梦”,小家大家、老老少少,总书记念兹在兹。
饮瓢水,品百姓甘苦;摸炕被,感乡亲冷暖;掀锅盖,知群众饥饱……这十年,跋山涉水,走遍14个集中连片特困地区,50多次调研扶贫工作。“乡亲们一天不脱贫,我就一天放不下心来。”
打赢了人类历史上规模最大的脱贫攻坚战,还要全面推进乡村振兴,加快建设农业强国。“全面建设社会主义现代化国家,最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。”
开展抗击疫情人民战争、总体战、阻击战,最大限度保护人民生命安全和身体健康,统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展取得重大积极成果。“各级党委和政府要想办法帮助人民群众解决实际困难,确保经济发展和人民群众生产生活少受影响。”
…………
数字记录发展成就,也刻录民生冷暖。
全国基本养老保险、基本医疗保险覆盖人数分别达10.3亿人、13.6亿人;累计建设各类保障性住房和棚改安置房8000多万套,2亿多困难群众住房条件得到改善;2021年,全国居民人均可支配收入35128元,比2012年增加18618元……高质量发展成色更足,见证人民富裕、国家强盛、中国美丽。
白墙黛瓦,溪水潺潺。人称“浙东延安”的横坎头村,位于余姚四明山革命老区,立足红色旅游壮大特色产业,成了远近闻名的小康村。
两封回信,催横坎头村人在致富路上大步向前。
2003年春节前夕,时任浙江省委书记的习近平同志考察四明山老区,专程到梁弄镇和横坎头村调研,提出了建设“全国革命老区全面奔小康样板镇”的殷切期望。
此后不久,村“两委”给习近平同志写信,汇报工作打算,很快收到回信,习近平鼓励他们加快老区开发建设,尽快脱贫致富奔小康。
2018年2月,横坎头村全体党员给习近平总书记写信,汇报发展变化。当月,收到了回信,总书记希望他们“努力建设富裕、文明、宜居的美丽乡村,让乡亲们的生活越来越红火”。
“横坎头红锋共富联盟”成立,区域资源整合成推动共同富裕的发展优势,串起一条旅游精品线路,游客逛完横坎头,就到邻村摘水果。
横坎头是缩影。建设共同富裕示范区,之江大地在探索。
国之称富者,在乎丰民。
共同富裕,是马克思主义的一个基本目标,也是中华民族延续千年的孜孜梦想;是社会主义的本质要求,也是中国式现代化的重要特征。
“允许一些地区、一些人先富起来”。改革开放之初的这句话,蕴含一个逻辑:发展到一定程度,先富要带动后富。
“随着我国全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程,我们必须把促进全体人民共同富裕摆在更加重要的位置,脚踏实地,久久为功,向着这个目标更加积极有为地进行努力。”
共同富裕路,究竟怎么走?
“首先要通过全国人民共同奋斗把‘蛋糕’做大做好,然后通过合理的制度安排把‘蛋糕’切好分好。”
形象的比喻背后,是对财富的创造和分配这一重大问题的深刻把握。“促进共同富裕,不能搞‘福利主义’那一套。”实现全体人民共同富裕的宏伟目标,最终靠的是发展。没有发展,没有扎扎实实的发展成果,共同富裕就无从谈起。“幸福生活都是奋斗出来的,共同富裕要靠勤劳智慧来创造。”
在高质量发展中促进共同富裕,路径清晰——
到“十四五”末,全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐,居民收入和实际消费水平差距逐步缩小;到2035年,全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展,基本公共服务实现均等化;到本世纪中叶,全体人民共同富裕基本实现,居民收入和实际消费水平差距缩小到合理区间。
谋划长远,只争朝夕。“促进全体人民共同富裕是一项长期任务,也是一项现实任务,急不得,也等不得”“我们不能等实现了现代化再来解决共同富裕问题”。
2022年8月,党的二十大之前最后一趟调研,总书记去了辽宁,第一站,来到位于锦州市的辽沈战役纪念馆。
“仁义之师”锦旗前,他伫立良久。那是辽沈战役期间,锦州乡间的苹果熟了,行军路过的解放军战士饥渴难耐,却一个都没有摘。“毛主席说‘不吃是很高尚的,而吃了是很卑鄙的,因为这是人民的苹果’。这样的苹果,我们现在也不能吃。”
两个多月之间,锦州到延安,一颗苹果,映照初心。
党的根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民。为了人民,发展才有意义;依靠人民,发展才有动力。
复兴使命——
从哪里来?到哪里去?
“从现在起,中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标,以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”
从兴业路到复兴路,从党的一大到党的二十大,从嘉兴南湖红船上寻找光明的掌舵人,到世界第二大经济体的领航者。
1921年,一群平均年龄只有28岁的青年,从各地奔赴上海,叩响了兴业路76号的门环,也叩开了新世界的大门,开启了“其作始也简,其将毕也必巨”的航程。
百年征程,千秋伟业。
2020年10月,“十四五”规划宏图将举,正在广东考察的习近平总书记来到汕头,走进开埠文化陈列馆。
《建国方略》相关规划图前,习近平总书记驻足凝视。
100多年前,孙中山先生苦苦思索如何“振兴中华”,在《建国方略》中绘就了中国现代化第一份蓝图:建设160万公里公路、约16万公里铁路、3个世界级大海港、三峡大坝……那时,梦想只能在梦中。
如今,高铁飞驰领跑世界,公路纵横牵起城乡,世界大港十之有七,中国的现代化程度远远超出孙中山当初的设想。
“只有我们中国共产党人实现了。”总书记感慨地说。
十年砥砺奋进,我们提出并贯彻新发展理念,着力推进高质量发展,推动构建新发展格局,实施供给侧结构性改革,制定一系列具有全局性意义的区域重大战略,我国经济实力实现历史性跃升,迈上更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展之路,中国式现代化生机勃勃。
今天,我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴。
今天,我们也更清醒地认识到:“中华民族伟大复兴绝不是轻轻松松、敲锣打鼓就能实现的,也绝不是一马平川、朝夕之间就能到达的。”
“从现在起,中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标,以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”党的二十大绘就了宏伟蓝图、吹响了前进号角。
“社会主义是干出来的,新时代是奋斗出来的。”
实现高质量发展,成为中国式现代化的本质要求之一。
距离北京万里之遥的印度尼西亚巴厘岛,是党的二十大后习近平主席首次出席多边峰会的目的地。
中国式现代化、高质量发展、改革开放、脱贫攻坚和共同富裕……会见厅里,习近平主席的生动讲述,让外国政要们感慨不已:“中国式现代化令人钦佩。”
越是接近胜利,越要头脑清醒。
1945年,党的七大上,面对抗日战争即将胜利的大好形势,毛泽东同志一口气列出我们党可能遇到的“十七条困难”,告诫全党要“准备吃亏”。
2022年,党的二十大上,习近平总书记鲜明指出,全面建设社会主义现代化国家,是一项伟大而艰巨的事业,前途光明,任重道远。“我国改革发展稳定面临不少深层次矛盾躲不开、绕不过”“来自外部的打压遏制随时可能升级”“各种‘黑天鹅’、‘灰犀牛’事件随时可能发生”。
回首百年路,我们党是生于忧患、成长于忧患、壮大于忧患的政党,党的事业总是在战胜各种困难挑战中前进的。
眺望复兴路,“我们必须增强忧患意识,坚持底线思维,做到居安思危、未雨绸缪,准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。”
前进道路上,必须牢牢把握“五个重大原则”。
办好中国的事情,关键在党。百年党史深刻启示,坚持党的领导是我们取得胜利的根本保障。治理我们这样的大党大国,如果没有党中央权威和集中统一领导,如果没有全党全国思想统一、步调一致,什么事也办不成。
推动高质量发展是一场关系经济社会全局的深刻变革,必须加强党对经济工作的统一领导和战略谋划,使党始终成为风雨来袭时全体人民最可靠的主心骨,确保我国社会主义现代化建设正确方向。深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义,不断增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”,我们才能“乱云飞渡仍从容”“任尔东西南北风”,在高质量发展中塑造竞争优势,赢得历史主动。
在新征程上举什么旗、走什么路,这是事关党和国家发展全局的重大问题。
11月8日,国产大型客机C919在珠海腾空而起,完成航展首飞,一举拿下300架新订单。大飞机制造取得的重大成果,此前写入了党的二十大报告。
“中国要发展,最终要靠自己。”从“运十”立项,到C919翱翔,中国人的“大飞机梦”历经半个世纪。
人类历史上没有一个民族、一个国家可以通过依赖外部力量、照搬外国模式、跟在他人后面亦步亦趋实现强大和振兴。“中国有960多万平方公里土地、56个民族,我们能照谁的模式办?谁又能指手画脚告诉我们该怎么办?”
马克思主义的中国篇章是中国共产党人依靠自身力量实践出来的。中国特色社会主义道路是被实践证明符合中国国情的正确道路,是创造人民美好生活、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路。推动高质量发展,要有道不变、志不改的决心,既不走封闭僵化的老路,也不走改旗易帜的邪路,坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上,坚持把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。
高质量发展是以人民为中心的发展。
满足人民需要是社会主义生产的根本目的,也是推动高质量发展的根本力量。我国经济的新增长点、新动力蕴含在解决好人民群众普遍关心的突出问题中,产生于人力资本质量提高的过程中。
北京市东城区翠花胡同,悦宾饭馆,“中国个体第一家”的招牌引人注目。这是改革开放后北京第一家个体餐馆,将经营者由父亲变更为女儿,是店家多年的心愿。
11月1日,党的二十大闭幕不久,《促进个体工商户发展条例》施行,“先注销、后成立”变成“直接向市场主体登记机关申请办理变更登记”。当天,女儿郭华拿到了全国首张直接变更经营者的个体工商户营业执照,成为改革的受益者。
改革开放是推动我国发展的根本动力。
在浙江工作期间,习近平同志在《之江新语》中写道:改革开放走过的道路,就是一条在不断克服困难中前进的改革创新之路,就是一段“发展出题目,改革做文章”的历程。
就任总书记后,他更是以前所未有的决心和力度,与14亿多中国人民一起,开创改革开放新局面。
进入新发展阶段,必须坚持以改革开放为动力推动高质量发展,善于用改革的办法解决发展中的问题,坚定扩大对外开放,加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。
社会是在矛盾运动中前进的,有矛盾就会有斗争。
敢于斗争是我们党的鲜明品格。2016年的一次会议上,总书记深刻总结历史经验,“我们仔细想想,建党九十五年来,建国六十七年来,改革开放三十八年来,什么时候党和人民事业发展的道路都是不平坦的,都需要付出巨大努力和顽强斗争才能取得成功。”
风雨无阻,义无反顾,是历史的清醒,也是现实的坚定。
在国际风云变幻中构建新发展格局,在复杂严峻形势下统筹发展和安全,在深层次矛盾中完成改革发展稳定任务……一代人有一代人的长征,不可避免要“爬雪山”“过草地”,不可避免要进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争。
用新的伟大奋斗创造新的伟业。
“全党同志务必不忘初心、牢记使命,务必谦虚谨慎、艰苦奋斗,务必敢于斗争、善于斗争,坚定历史自信,增强历史主动,谱写新时代中国特色社会主义更加绚丽的华章。”
一个民族的发展,总有一些关键的节点、关键的时期。
实现中华民族伟大复兴进入不可逆转的历史进程。未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期。
历史的契机,只眷顾坚定者、奋进者、搏击者。
紧紧抓住大有可为的战略机遇期,牢牢把握高质量发展这个首要任务,自信自强、守正创新,踔厉奋发、勇毅前行,以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,我们一定能够交出不负时代、不负人民的发展答卷。
Information source: Dazhong Daily
