Lushan: Steady progress in industrial production, continuous improvement in enterprise efficiency
2021年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展的各项政策措施取得显著成效，“六稳”“六保”扎实推进，工业生产稳中有进。进入四季度以来，随着国家保供稳价、助企纾困措施的强有力推进，工业生产增速逐月回升，工业经济恢复基础进一步巩固。
一、工业生产稳定恢复，产能利用率水平较高
Stable growth in industrial production. In 2021, the added value of industries above designated size in China increased by 9.6% compared to the previous year, with a growth rate 6.8 percentage points faster than in 2020; The two-year average growth rate is 6.1%, which is close to the normal annual average level. On a quarterly basis, due to factors such as high base numbers, sporadic outbreaks of the epidemic, and chip shortages, the year-on-year growth rate is initially high and then low. But the average growth rate in the fourth quarter was 5.5%, which was 0.2 percentage points faster than the average growth rate in the third quarter; In October, November, and December, the monthly growth rates reached 3.5%, 3.8%, and 4.3% respectively, and production rebounded month by month; The average growth rates over the past two years were 5.2%, 5.4%, and 5.8%, respectively, indicating a stable recovery trend in production.
The three major categories are growing rapidly. By category, in 2021, the added value of the mining industry, manufacturing industry, and electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply industry increased by 5.3%, 9.8%, and 11.4% respectively compared to the previous year, all achieving rapid growth; On average over the past two years, the added value of the mining industry, manufacturing industry, and the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas, and water increased by 2.9%, 6.6%, and 6.6%, respectively.
Most industries and products have grown compared to 2019. In 2021, among the 41 major industrial sectors, 39 industries increased compared to the previous year, with a growth rate of 95.1%; The added value of 36 industries increased compared to 2019, with a growth rate of 87.8%. Among the 612 industrial products counted, 450 products had a year-on-year increase in output, accounting for 73.5%; The output of 409 products increased compared to 2019, accounting for 66.8%.
The capacity utilization rate has reached a new high in recent years. In 2021, the national industrial capacity utilization rate was 77.5%, an increase of 3.0 percentage points from 2020 and 0.9 percentage points from 2019, the highest level in recent years. Looking at three major categories, in 2021, the utilization rate of mining industry capacity was 76.2%, an increase of 4.0 percentage points from the previous year; The utilization rate of manufacturing capacity was 77.8%, an increase of 2.9 percentage points; The utilization rate of production capacity in the electricity, heat, gas, and water supply industries was 75.0%, an increase of 3.5 percentage points. By industry, the utilization rate of production capacity in chemical fiber, petroleum processing, general equipment, electrical machinery and other industries has reached over 80%.
2、 Industrial transformation and upgrading are steadily advancing, with strong support from new driving forces
The production of equipment manufacturing industry is steadily increasing. In 2021, the added value of the equipment manufacturing industry increased by 12.9% compared to the previous year, which was 3.3 percentage points higher than the average level of all industries above designated size, and contributed 45.0% to the growth of all industries above designated size, providing strong support for the steady recovery of industrial growth. From an industry perspective, most industries have experienced double-digit growth, with the metal products industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry all experiencing double-digit average growth rates over the past two years, which are significantly higher than the level in 2019. From a product perspective, new energy vehicles increased by 145.6% compared to the previous year, and production has maintained a doubling growth every month; Major products such as industrial robots, solar cells, and microcomputer equipment have achieved rapid growth, with growth rates of 44.9%, 42.1%, and 22.3%, respectively.
The high-tech manufacturing industry maintains rapid growth. In 2021, the added value of high-tech manufacturing increased by 18.2% compared to the previous year, which is 8.6 percentage points higher than the average level of all industries above designated size. Its contribution rate to the growth of industries above designated size is 28.6%, and it has maintained double-digit growth for 14 consecutive months since November 2020. By industry, the added value of pharmaceutical manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, and computer and office equipment manufacturing increased by 24.8%, 18.3%, and 18.0%, respectively. By product, 3D printing equipment, smartwatches, and integrated circuits have grown by 37.5%, 37.0%, and 33.3% respectively.
3、 The rapid growth of industrial exports continues to strengthen its driving role
Against the backdrop of the spread of the epidemic overseas, benefiting from China's relatively complete industrial and supply chains, industrial product exports have continued to grow rapidly. In 2021, the export delivery value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 17.7% compared to the previous year, and decreased by 0.3% in 2020; The average growth rate over the past two years is 8.3%, which is a relatively high level compared to normal years in recent years. In December, the export delivery value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 15.5% year-on-year, with a growth rate 2.9 percentage points faster than the previous month; The average growth rate over the past two years has been 12.5%, with a growth rate that has accelerated by 1.7 percentage points compared to the previous month, enhancing its role in driving industrial production. From an industry perspective, in 2021, the exports of pharmaceutical manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, chemical raw materials and products manufacturing, and metal products manufacturing increased by 64.6%, 40.3%, 40.3%, and 39.9% respectively compared to the previous year.
四、企业利润保持较高水平，利润结构趋于改善
企业利润保持较快增长。2021年1—11月份，规上工业企业利润同比增长38.0%，两年平均增长18.9%，增速延续较高水平。41个大类行业中，有33个行业利润实现同比增长，其中煤炭、化工和石油加工等能源、原材料行业以及医药、电子等行业是拉动工业利润增长的主要力量。
利润行业结构有所改善。11月份，部分大宗商品价格出现回落，下游行业成本压力有所缓解，消费品制造业、装备制造业对工业利润的贡献增加，利润占规上工业比重合计达到57.4%，占比明显上升，结构趋向改善。从行业看，在41个工业大类行业中，有26个行业利润同比增长，较上月增加3个，增长面有所扩大；有22个行业利润状况较上月改善，其中中下游行业占比超过八成。
五、帮扶政策持续发力，小微企业稳定恢复
小微企业生产总体延续稳定复苏的良好态势。据小微企业问卷调查显示，2021年四季度，生产经营状况良好和一般的小微企业占被调查企业的比例合计达到81.7%，比上年同期提高3.9个百分点。其中，生产经营状况良好的比例为26.5%，比上年同期提高7.4个百分点，显示小微企业生产经营明显恢复。各项帮扶政策相继出台，有力支撑小微企业生产经营保持稳定。调查结果显示，2021年四季度，享受税收政策优惠的小微企业占比为62.3%，连续两个季度保持在六成左右。
总体看，2021年工业经济持续稳定恢复，企业生产经营明显改善。同时也要看到，海外疫情持续蔓延和国内疫情散发多发对我国经济稳定发展造成不利影响，产业链供应链一些堵点卡点仍较明显，下游中小微企业生产经营困难依然较大。下阶段，应进一步统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，深入贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署，大力推进关键核心技术攻关，着力落实各项减税降费政策，持续激发市场主体活力，继续做好保供稳价，着力畅通经济循环，推动我国工业经济行稳致远。
Information source: China Economic Net
